Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Extract of Aster glehni F. Schmidt Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the Regulation of PPARδ and Adiponectin in ApoE KO Mice

Figure 9

Oil Red O staining results in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated with 0.2 mM cholesterol, 0.1 mM palmitate, 50 ug Aster glehni extract, and 50 uM GSK0660 (PPARδ antagonist) and the protein levels of PPARδ, AMPK, and PGC-1α in abdominal fat tissues of ApoE KO mice treated with 0.15% cholesterol diet and Aster glehni extract. The lipids in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells (a) were stained with Oil Red O reagent and observed by optical microscope. Accumulated lipid contents in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells (b) were eluted by isopropanol and the absorbance of eluted Oil Red O was estimated with ELISA reader at the wave length of 530 nm. Magnification is 200 times. Meaning of indications: Ctrl is an untreated control group, D-Ctrl is a differentiation control group, V-Ctrl is a vehicle control group, Cho + Pal is a cholesterol and palmitate treated group, AG is a cholesterol, palmitate, and A. glehni treated group, and GSK is a cholesterol, palmitate, A. glehni, and GSK0660 treated group. Protein extracts were electrophoresed in 10% polyacrylamide gel and blotted to nitrocellulose membrane. The nitrocellulose membrane was bound with primary and secondary antibodies sequentially, and then the chemiluminescence was exposed to X-ray film. The density for bands on X-ray film was analyzed with Image J program (c, d, e). The results are expressed as means ± SEM. Values were statistically analyzed by unpaired -test and one way ANOVA. All experiments were repeated three times. , , and .

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