Rosiglitazone Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia of Rats with Bone Cancer Pain through the Activation of PPAR-γ to Inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammatory Axis in Spinal Cord Neurons

Figure 1

(a) A rat model of bone cancer pain (BCP) was successfully established. The mechanical pain threshold of the ipsilateral (left) hind foot in BCP rats showed significantly decrease from day 6 to day 18 after surgery ( vs. the sham group; , two-way repeated measures ANOVA (a)). (b) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the normal bone trabecular structure (arrows) was destroyed in the bone marrow cavity of BCP rats accompanied by cancer cell infiltration after inoculation (within the dotted lines) (). Scale bars: 200 μm. represents the number of experimental animals in each group. (c) Three-dimensional CT reconstruction showed evident cortical bone destruction in the tibial bone (arrows) 18 days after cancer cell inoculation. (d) Representative CATWALK gait results, including print view and timing view in the naïve, sham, and BCP groups. Print area is the size of the paw print. Print time represents the related contact time. (e) The percentages of left/right hind paw ratio of maximum contact area, maximum contact maximum intensity, and mean intensity decreased significantly after cancer cell inoculation. Max contact area is the print area during maximum hind paw contact; max contact max intensity is the maximum intensity during maximum hind paw contact; and mean intensity is the average of the hind paw intensity at all time points. All data were calculated as the percentage of the ipsilateral (left)/contralateral (right) hind paw ( and vs. the sham group; , one-way ANOVA (e)). LH: left hind paw; RH: right hind paw; BCP: bone cancer pain. N.S: not statistically significant.

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