Effect of a Positive Psychology Expressive Writing on Stigma, Hope, Coping Style, and Quality of Life in Hospitalized Female Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Table 1

The two-week intervention plan for patients with schizophrenia.

Order	Theme	Positive psychological knowledge inculcation (audio)	Writing content guidance (site instruction)
Session 1	Face the trauma	(i) Explaining stress and how to deal with it; (ii) Explaining the meaning of facing trauma correctly and teaching patients to recognize trauma and negative events from positive aspects	(i) Guiding patients to review stressful or traumatic events; (ii) Write down beneficial aspects or lessons learned from them that could be helpful in their future lives
Session 2	Focus on the advantages	(i) Explaining 24 kinds of character advantage; (ii) Character advantage is the internal strength to overcome disease and resist all kinds of pressure	(i) Guiding patients to make brief assessments of their own personality strengths, among other things; (ii) Guiding patients to dig their own advantages and specialties; (iii) Write personal character advantages and achievements
Session 3	Explore the positive	(i) Explaining the harm of negative thinking to disease; (ii) Teaching patients to avoid negative emotions and pay more attention to the positive events in life	(i) Guiding patients to review positive experiences, such as helping others; (ii) Write down what happened and how you felt at the time
Session 4	Learn to be grateful	(i) Explaining the significance of gratitude and the importance recovery from disease; (ii) Teaching patients to express gratitude can avoid the invasion of negative emotions and alleviate symptoms	(i) Guiding patients to review the help and support you have received in your life; (ii) Write a thank-you letter to somebody
Session 5	Appreciate happiness	(i) Explaining happiness, emphasizing mental illness is same with other general illnesses; (ii) Encourage patients to face up to mental illness no matter how others look at; (iii) Teaching patients to not care about social prejudice discrimination, learn to self-esteem	(i) Guiding patients to review past good and happy experiences in their lives; (ii) Write down their experiences and feelings at the time or write a letter to a loved one
Session 6	Renewed hope	(i) Explaining the significance of hope and its importance in recovery of disease; (ii) Using cases of good recovery to guide patients comfort and encourage; (iii) Teaching patients to look at themselves with a new attitude and increase the confidence and courage to overcome the disease	(i) Guiding patients to explore the sources of hope in their lives and imagine the future; (ii) Write down what they want to do or the wishes they want to fulfill and plan the future life