Research Article
The Anxiety and Depression of International Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
The relationship between students’ anxiety and depression and demographic characteristics about the pandemic.
| | Variable | Total | Anxiety classification | Chi square test | value | Depression classification | Chi square test | value | | Normal | Minimal to mild | Moderate to marked | Severe | Normal | Minimal to mild | Moderate to marked | Severe |
| | Gender | | | | | | 3.076 | 0.380 | | | | | 8.656 | 0.034 | | Male | 85 (42.08) | 65 (32.18) | 9 (4.46) | 6 (2.97) | 5 (2.48) | | | 46 (22.77) | 14 (6.93) | 22 (10.89) | 3 (1.49) | | | | Female | 117 (57.92) | 90 (44.55) | 17 (8.42) | 8 (3.96) | 2 (0.99) | | | 58 (28.71) | 29 (14.36) | 17 (8.42) | 13 (6.44) | | | | Age | | | | | | 6.078 | 0.732 | | | | | 3.413 | 0.946 | | ≤18 | 5 (2.48) | 4 (1.98) | 0 | 1 (0.50) | 0 | | | 3 (1.49) | 1 (0.50) | 1 (0.50) | 0 | | | | 19–21 | 96 (47.52) | 73 (36.14) | 11 (5.45) | 7 (3.47) | 5 (2.48) | | | 48 (23.76) | 20 (9.90) | 18 (8.91) | 10 (4.95) | | | | 22–24 | 82 (40.59) | 65 (32.18) | 11 (5.45) | 4 (1.98) | 2 (0.99) | | | 45 (22.28) | 16 (7.92) | 16 (7.92) | 5 (2.48) | | | | >24 | 19 (9.41) | 13 (6.44) | 4 (1,98) | 2 (0.99) | 0 | | | 8 (3.96) | 6 (2.97) | 4 (1.98) | 1 (0.50) | | | | Major | | | | | | 3.353 | 0.340 | | | | | 1.526 | 0.673 | | MBBS | 186 (92.08) | 145 (71.78) | 22 (10.89) | 12 (5.94) | 6 (7.92) | | | 96 (47.52) | 38 (18.81) | 37 (18.32) | 14 (6.93) | | | | Nursing | 16 (7.92) | 10 (4.95) | 4 (4.95) | 2 (0.99) | 1 (0.50) | | | 8 (3.96) | 5 (2.48) | 2 (0.99) | 2 (0.99) | | | | Marital status | | | | | | 6.737 | 0.072 | | | | | 2.488 | 0.478 | | Single | 134 (66.34) | 111 (54.95) | 13 (6.44) | 7 (3.47) | 4 (1.98) | | | 71 (35.15) | 31 (15.35) | 23 (11.39) | 9 (4.46) | | | | Have boyfriend/girlfriend | 68 (33.66) | 44 (21.78) | 13 (6.44) | 7 (3.47) | 3 (1.49) | | | 33 (16.34) | 12 (5.94) | 16 (7.92) | 7 (3.47) | | | | Financial situation | | | | | | 13.065 | 0.014 | | | | | 13.216 | 0.040 | | Good | 42 (20.79) | 35 (17.33) | 5 (2.48) | 2 (2.48) | 0 | | | 30 (14.85) | 4 (1.98) | 7 (3.47) | 1 (0.50) | | | | Normal | 123 (60.89) | 97 (48.02) | 16 (7.92) | 8 (3.96) | 2 (0.99) | | | 61 (30.20) | 30 (14.85) | 22 (10.89) | 10 (4.95) | | | | Poor | 37 (18.32) | 23 (11.39) | 5 (2.48) | 4 (1.98) | 5 (2.48) | | | 13 (6.44) | 9 (4.46) | 10 (4.95) | 5 (2.48) | | | | Health condition | | | | | | 68.260 | <0.001 | | | | | 35.139 | <0.001 | | Good | 161 (79.70) | 135 (66.83) | 16 (7.92) | 8 (3.96) | 2 (0.99) | | | 93 (46.04) | 34 (16.83) | 26 (12.87) | 8 (3.96) | | | | Normal | 36 (17.82) | 18 (8.91) | 10 (4.95) | 6 (7.92) | 2 (0.99) | | | 9 (4.46) | 9 (4.46) | 13 (6.44) | 5 (2.48) | | | | Poor | 5 (2.48) | 2 (0.99) | 0 | 0 | 3 (1.49) | | | 2 (0.99) | 0 | 0 | 3 (1.49) | | | | Physical exercise length per day | | | | | | 11.732 | 0.229 | | | | | 12.472 | 0.188 | | 0 | 48 (23.76) | 33 (16.34) | 9 (4.46) | 3 (1.49) | 3 (1.49) | | | 17 (8.42) | 14 (6.93) | 10 (4.95) | 7 (3.47) | | | | 0–0.5 h | 79 (39.11) | 60 (29.70) | 13 (6.44) | 4 (1.98) | 2 (0.99) | | | 42 (20.79) | 15 (7.43) | 15 (7.43) | 7 (3.47) | | | | 0.5–1 h | 58 (28.71) | 48 (23.76) | 4 (1.98) | 4 (1.98) | 2 (0.99) | | | 36 (17.82) | 10 (4.95) | 11 (5.45) | 1 (0.50) | | | | >1 h | 17 (8.42) | 14 (6.93) | 0 | 3 (1.49) | 0 | | | 9 (4.46) | 4 (1.98) | 3 (1.49) | 1 (0.50) | | | | Study length per day | | | | | | 21.437 | 0.011 | | | | | 37.500 | <0.001 | | ≤2 h | 40 (19.80) | 23 (11.39) | 9 (4.46) | 2 (0.99) | 5 (2.48) | | | 14 (6.93) | 9 (4.46) | 5 (2.48) | 12 (5.94) | | | | 2–4 h | 89 (44.06) | 72 (35.64) | 11 (5.45) | 6 (2.97) | 0 | | | 48 (23.76) | 19 (9.41) | 21 (10.40) | 1 (0.50) | | | | 4–6 h | 45 (22.28) | 37 (18.32) | 2 (0.99) | 5 (2.48) | 1 (0.50) | | | 24 (11.88) | 9 (4.46) | 9 (4.46) | 3 (1.49) | | | | >6 h | 28 (13.86) | 23 (11.39) | 4 (1.98) | 0 | 1 (0.50) | | | 18 (8.91) | 6 (2.97) | 4 (1.98) | 0 | | | | Continent of origin | | | | | | 4.126 | 0.233 | | | | | 10.227 | 0.017 | | Asian countries | 131 (64.85) | 106 (52.48) | 15 (7.43) | 7 (3.47) | 3 (1.49) | | | 71 (35.15) | 27 (13.37) | 28 (13.86) | 5 (2.48) | | | | African countries | 71 (35.15) | 49 (24.26) | 11 (5.45) | 7 (3.47) | 4 (1.98) | | | 31 (15.35) | 18 (8.91) | 11 (5.45) | 11 (5.45) | | | | Current location | | | | | | 13.905 | 0.003 | | | | | 12.246 | 0.007 | | China | 57 (28.22) | 34 (16.83) | 12 (5.94) | 6 (2.97) | 5 (2.48) | | | 22 (10.89) | 14 (6.93) | 11 (5.45) | 10 (4.95) | | | | Homeland | 145 (71.78) | 121 (59.90) | 14 (6.93) | 8 (3.96) | 2 (0.99) | | | 82 (40.59) | 29 (14.36) | 28 (13.86) | 6 (2.97) | | | | Clinical practice experience | | | | | | 9.466 | 0.024 | | | | | 6.966 | 0.073 | | Yes | 32 (15.84) | 22 (10.89) | 8 (3.96) | 0 | 2 (0.99) | | | 33 (16.34) | 9 (4.46) | 7 (3.47) | 1 (0.50) | | | | No | 170 (84.16) | 133 (65.84) | 18 (8.91) | 14 (6.93) | 5 (2.48) | | | 71 (35.15) | 34 (16.83) | 32 (15.84) | 15 (7.43) | | | | Protective equipment sufficiency | | | | | | 42.672 | <0.001 | | | | | 29.073 | 0.001 | | Sufficient | 92 (45.54) | 77 (38.12) | 9 (4.46) | 6 (2.97) | 0 | | | 58 (28.71) | 20 (9.90) | 13 (6.44) | 1 (0.50) | | | | Basically sufficient | 83 (41.09) | 62 (30.69) | 13 (6.44) | 5 (2.48) | 3 (1.49) | | | 36 (17.82) | 19 (9.41) | 20 (9.90) | 8 (3.96) | | | | Insufficient | 20 (9.90) | 14 (6.93) | 2 (0.99) | 3 (1.49) | 1 (0.50) | | | 8 (3.96) | 4 (1.98) | 4 (1.98) | 4 (1.98) | | | | Terribly insufficient | 7 (3.47) | 2 (0.99) | 2 (0.99) | 0 | 3 (1.49) | | | 2 (0.99) | 0 | 2 (0.99) | 3 (1.49) | | |
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