The Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Bullying Behavior in Nursing Education among Nursing Students: The Mediating Role of Positive Psychological Capital

Table 1

Comparison of PSSS, PPQ, and BBNE among nursing students with different demographic characteristics ( ± s).

Item	n	PSSS	PPQ	BBNE
Gender
Male	178	64.62 ± 13.85	124.07 ± 20.93	17.01 ± 11.60
Female	1018	68.81 ± 11.42	123.95 ± 18.34	12.66 ± 8.61
t		−4.368	0.075	5.865
		0.000	0.941	0.000
Grade
One	329	69.13 ± 10.63	124.95 ± 17.03	12.58 ± 8.92
Two	352	67.39 ± 11.98	123.08 ± 18.79	14.71 ± 8.47
Three	224	68.11 ± 14.20	125.24 ± 21.00	11.88 ± 10.09
Four	291	68.16 ± 11.19	122.97 ± 18.64	13.54 ± 9.62
F		1.221	1.179	5.266
		0.301	0.317	0.001
Educational level
Undergraduate	910	68.28 ± 11.59	124.16 ± 18.32	13.56 ± 9.09
Specialist	286	67.92 ± 12.86	123.37 ± 20.03	12.50 ± 9.70
t		0.447	0.624	1.688
		0.655	0.532	0.092
Intern or not
No	778	68.21 ± 11.70	124.28 ± 18.36	13.48 ± 8.88
Yes	418	68.15 ± 12.27	123.40 ± 19.43	12.99 ± 9.90
t		0.085	0.776	0.876
		0.932	0.438	0.381
Students cadre or not
Yes	269	69.16 ± 11.92	128.35 ± 17.71	13.49 ± 9.06
No	927	67.91 ± 11.88	122.70 ± 18.84	13.25 ± 9.30
t		1.524	4.383	0.369
		0.128	0.000	0.712
Only-child generation
Yes	387	68.33 ± 12.23	123.58 ± 20.18	12.90 ± 9.74
No	809	68.12 ± 11.74	124.16 ± 18.02	13.50 ± 8.99
t		0.287	−0.500	−1.057
		0.774	0.617	0.291
Living area
Rural	855	67.43 ± 12.21	122.96 ± 18.93	13.77 ± 9.44
Urban	341	70.09 ± 10.86	126.50 ± 18.03	12.14 ± 8.63
t		−3.510	−2.953	2.758
		0.000	0.003	0.006
Family economic status
Poor	262	64.33 ± 13.35	120.27 ± 21.24	15.03 ± 10.18
General	914	69.20 ± 11.22	125.03 ± 17.78	12.93 ± 8.88
Good	20	72.75 ± 11.04	123.85 ± 21.26	8.10 ± 9.22
F		19.075	6.642	8.604
		0.000	0.000	0.000
Academic record rate
Worst	33	56.61 ± 16.33	111.64 ± 28.97	18.67 ± 16.06
Worse	193	65.40 ± 13.24	121.37 ± 17.94	15.11 ± 9.54
General	658	68.62 ± 11.06	124.11 ± 18.06	12.46 ± 8.43
Better	248	70.30 ± 10.94	126.14 ± 18.56	13.35 ± 8.77
Best	64	69.94 ± 12.39	128.33 ± 19.01	13.61 ± 11.73
F		13.521	6.323	6.097
		0.000	0.000	0.000
Interpersonal relationship
Poor	39	56.10 ± 17.40	106.92 ± 25.04	23.51 ± 14.68
General	856	67.45 ± 11.35	121.79 ± 17.59	13.54 ± 8.61
Good	301	71.87 ± 11.14	132.38 ± 17.74	11.31 ± 9.17
F		38.463	57.114	32.706
		0.000	0.000	0.000