Influence of a New “Call-Out Algorithm” for Management of Postoperative Pain and Its Side Effects on Length of Stay in Hospital: A Two-Centre Prospective Randomized Trial

Table 2

Demographics, anthropometrics, and clinical characteristics of patients () included in the study at the University Hospital of Astana.

	ESS ()	VNRS ()	Control ()	value
Age: mean ± SD		42.4 ± 16.4	44.9 ± 15.8
BMI: mean ± SD	26.8 ± 6.1	26.3 ± 5.6	27 ± 5.9
Gender
Male: (%)	116 (50.8%)	132 (58.1%)	120 (53.6%)
Female: (%)	112 (49.2%)	95 (41.9%)	104 (46.4%)
ASA classification: (%)
ASA I	5 (2.2%)	6 (2.6%)	5 (2.2%)
ASA II	145 (63.6%)	131 (57.7%)	126 (56.2%)
ASA III	76 (33.3%)	89 (39.2%)	96 (42.9%)
ASA IV	2 (0.9%)	1 (0.4%)	0
Type of surgery: (%)
Orthopedic	202 (88.6%)	199 (87.6%)	207 (92.4%)
Abdominal	10 (4.3%)	14 (6.2%)	9 (4%)
Vascular	16 (7%)	14 (6.2%)	8 (3.6%)
Type of anaesthesia: (%)
Sevo + fentanyl	74 (32.4%)	81 (35.7%)	79 (35.2%)
Regional	38 (16.6%)	46 (20.2%)	45 (20%)
SA ± EDA	102 (44.7%)/4 (1.7%)	93 (41%)/4 (1.8%)	89 (39.7%)/6 (2.6%)
TIVA	14 (6.1%)	9 (3.9%)	8 (3.6%)

; square analysis. Sevo: sevoflurane; EDA: epidural anaesthesia; SA: spinal anaesthesia; TIVA: total intravenous anaesthesia.