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| Treatment methods | Authors |
|
| Focus on PERSON (training, skill development, and education) |
| Body mechanics/postures and positioning | Bosy et al. [33]; Demoulin et al. [36]; Dobkin et al. 2010 [37]; Cammalleri [35]; Chapman et al. [42]; Kurklinsky et al. [51]; Mathews [53]; Nieuwenhuizen et al. [58]; Robinson et al. [19]; Simon and Collins [70]; Stanos [71]; Stewart et al. [72]; Tran et al. [73]; van Huet et al. [74] |
| Energy conservation/joint-sparing techniques | Bosy et al. [33]; Cammalleri [35]; Hesselstrand et al. [23]; Hill [12]; McLean [55]; Robinson et al. [19]; Simon and Collins [70]; Skjutar et al. [20]; van Huet et al. [74] |
| Relaxation training/stress management | Fisher et al. [13]; Hill [12]; McLean [55]; Poole and Siegel [64]; Robinson et al. [19]; Robinson et al. [67]; Simon and Collins [70]; van Huet et al. [74] |
| Exercises/fitness program | Cammalleri [35]; Kallhed and Mårtensson [48]; Paquette [59]; Poole and Siegel [64]; Ravenek et al. [66]; Robinson et al. [19]; Simon and Collins [70] |
| Mindfulness | Hardison and Roll [46]; Hesselstrand et al. [23]; Kallhed and Mårtensson [48]; McCormack and Gupta [54]; Poole and Siegel [64]; Robinson et al. [19] |
| Cognitive behavioral therapy/behavioral approaches | Miles [57]; Poole and Siegel [64]; Robinson et al. [19]; Robinson et al. [67]; Simon and Collins [70]; van Huet et al. [74] |
| Coping strategies | Fisher et al. [13]; Gatchel and Dougall [40]; Hill [12]; Skjutar et al. [20]; Stewart et al. [72] |
| Coordination/dexterity, strengthening tasks | Harden et al. [44]; Harden et al. [45]; Jarrar [47]; Mathews [53]; Rome [68] |
| Desensitization techniques/sensory reeducation | Harden et al. [44]; Jarrar [47]; Mathews [53]; Rome [68]; Tran et al. [73] |
| Active movements/mobilization techniques | Harden et al. [44]; Harden et al. [45]; Robinson et al. [19] |
| Biofeedback | Kurklinsky et al. [51]; Ravenek et al. [66]; Robinson et al. [19] |
| Functional splinting | Harden et al. [44]; Robinson et al. [19]; Robinson et al. [67] |
| Oedema modalities | Harden et al. [44]; Harden et al. [45]; Tran et al. [73] |
| Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation/reeducation | Harden et al. [44]; Harden et al. [45]; Stewart et al. [72] |
| Thermal modalities | Cammalleri [35]; Robinson et al. [19] |
| Graded motor imagery | Harden et al. [45]; Tran et al. [73] |
| Mirror visual feedback | Harden et al. [45]; Jarrar [47] |
| Stress loading | Harden et al. [44]; Harden et al. [45] |
| Breathing techniques | McCormack and Gupta [54] |
| Electrical stimulation | Robinson et al. [19] |
| Massage/acupressure | McCormack and Gupta [54] |
| Mental imagery/visualization | McCormack and Gupta [54] |
|
| Focus on ENVIRONMENT (environmental modification, support provision, and support enhancement) |
| Ergonomics (home, work, and equipment) | Artner et al. [31]; Bosy et al. [33]; Caby et al. [34]; Demoulin et al. [36]; Chapman et al. [42]; Hesselstrand et al. [23]; Hill [12]; Kallhed and Mårtensson [48]; Kurklinsky et al. [51]; Mathews [53]; Ravenek et al. [66]; Robinson et al. [19]; Robinson et al. [67]; Salgueiro et al. [69]; Stanos [71]; Stewart et al. [72] |
| Environmental modification | Artner et al. [31]; Bosy et al. [33]; Hesselstrand et al. [23]; Hill [12]; Kurklinsky et al. [51]; Paquette [59]; Silvestri [21]; Skjutar et al. [20]; Stewart et al. [72]; Ravenek et al. [66]; Von Bülow et al. [75] |
| Focus on OCCUPATION (task adaptation and occupation development) |
| Pacing/graded activity | Bosy et al. [33]; Cammalleri [35]; Dobkin et al. [37]; Gonzalez et al. [43]; Hesselstrand et al. [23]; Hill [12]; Kallhed and Mårtensson [48]; Kurklinsky et al. [51]; McLean [55]; McLean et al. [56]; Nieuwenhuizen et al. [58]; Paquette [59]; Robinson et al. [19]; Robinson et al. [67]; Simon and Collins [70]; Stanos [71]; Stewart et al. [72]; van Huet et al. [74] |
| Activity (task) adaptation/therapeutically activity | Cammalleri [35]; Fisher et al. [13]; Gonzalez et al. [43]; Hill [12]; Jarrar [47]; Mathews [53]; McCormack and Gupta [54]; Nieuwenhuizen et al. [58]; Paquette [59]; Ravenek et al. [66]; Robinson et al. [19]; Rome [68]; Salgueiro et al. [69]; Simon and Collins [70]; Stewart et al. [72]; Von Bülow et al. [75] |
| Vocational intervention | Bosy et al. [33]; Caby et al. [80]; Demoulin et al. [36]; Gallice et al. [39]; Chapman et al. [42]; Harden et al. [44]; Harden et al. [45]; Hesselstrand et al. [23]; Hill [12]; Ravenek et al. [66]; Robinson et al. [19]; Salgueiro et al. [69]; Skjutar et al. [20]; van Huet et al. [74] |
| Sleep hygiene | Kallhed and Mårtensson [48]; Robinson et al. [19]; Simon and Collins [70] |
| Graded in vivo exposure | Nieuwenhuizen et al. [58]; Robinson et al. [19] |
| Yoga/Tai chi | Kallhed and Mårtensson [48]; McCormack and Gupta [54] |
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