Research Article
Opioid Safety and Concomitant Benzodiazepine Use in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Table 2
Association between clinical characteristics and having at least one opioid.
| | Referent | Unadjusted | Multivariable logistic regression | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value |
| Age | | 0.983 (0.983–0.984) | <0.001 | 0.984 (0.983–0.984) | <0.001 |
| Female | Male | 1.352 (1.336–1.367) | <0.001 | 1.419 (1.402–1.436) | <0.001 |
| Race | African Americans | White | 1.093 (1.080–1.107) | <0.001 | 1.030 (1.017–1.044) | <0.001 | Asian | | 0.602 (0.587–0.618) | 0.626 (0.610–0.643) | Native Americans | | 0.969 (0.919–1.020) | 0.918 (0.870–0.969) | Others | | 0.529 (0.485–0.578) | 0.494 (0.452–0.541) | Unknown | | 0.537 (0.302–0.954) | 0.402 (0.220–0.734) |
| Primary disease ESRD | Diabetes | Other causes | 1.070 (1.058–1.083) | <0.001 | 1.037 (1.021–1.054) | <0.001 | Cystic kidney | | 1.089 (1.044–1.136) | 0.990 (0.948–1.035) | Urologic disorders | | 1.004 (0.955–1.055) | 1.079 (1.025–1.136) | BMI | | 1.021 (1.021–1.022) | <0.001 | | | Hypertension | | 1.063 (1.046–1.080) | <0.001 | 1.052 (1.035–1.070) | <0.001 | Diabetes | | 1.074 (1.062–1.086) | <0.001 | 1.074 (1.057–1.092) | <0.001 | Atherosclerotic heart disease | | 0.915 (0.902–0.928) | <0.001 | | | Chronic heart failure | | 0.974 (0.962–0.986) | <0.001 | 1.032 (1.018–1.045) | <0.001 | Cerebrovascular disease | | 0.925 (0.907–0.943) | <0.001 | 0.972 (0.952–0.992) | 0.005 | Peripheral vascular disease | | 1.010 (0.993–1.027) | 0.261 | 1.064 (1.045–1.083) | <0.001 | Drug dependence | | 1.681 (1.588–1.780) | <0.001 | 1.309 (1.232–1.390) | <0.001 | Alcohol dependence | | 1.094 (1.042–1.148) | <0.001 | 0.940 (0.893–0.990) | 0.019 | Smoking | | 1.477 (1.440–1.516) | <0.001 | 1.321 (1.286–1.357) | <0.001 | Benzodiazepine | | 3.334 (3.279–3.390) | <0.001 | 3.271 (3.216–3.326) | <0.001 |
|
|