Research Article
Opioid Safety and Concomitant Benzodiazepine Use in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Table 3
Frequencies of adverse events according to opioid prescription use.
| | All N (%) | Patients without opioid prescription N (%) | Patients with at least one opioid prescription N (%) | p value | (n = 643,859) | (n = 163,399) | (n = 480,460) |
| Patients with at least one hospital admission with a diagnosis of opioid overdose, n (%) | 3,370 (0.52) | 139 (0.09) | 3,231 (0.67) | <0.001 | Death due to drug overdose, n (%) | 155 (0.02) | 18 (0.01) | 137 (0.03) | <0.001 | Death due to opioid overdose (definition: death due to drug overdose during hospitalization with a diagnosis of opioid overdose), n (%) | 6 (0.00) | 1 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 0.624 | Total LOS, median (IQR) | 28 (12–59) | 22 (9–48) | 31 (13–62) | <0.001 | Total ICU LOS, median (IQR) | 6 (2–16) | 5 (1–14) | 6 (2–16) | <0.001 | LOS in patients with opioid overdose, median (IQR) | 4 (2–8) | 5 (3–10) | 4 (2–8) | 0.326 | ICU LOS in patients with opioid overdose, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 0.144 | Annual Medicare cost per patient ($1000), median (IQR) | 43 (23–70) | 33 (14–57) | 46 (26–73) | <0.001 |
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IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.
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