| Study ID | Outcome | Acute or preventive treatment | Intervention | Control | Follow-up time | RCTs (n) | I2 | Model | Scale | Effect | 95% CI | P value |
| Linde et al. [14] | Response (attack frequency reduction of at least 50%) | ND | Acupuncture | ① | 3-4 months after randomization | 4 (2376) | 0% | REM | RR | 2.33 | [2.02, 2.69] | <0.00001 | ② | 2 months after randomization | 7 (1091) | 59% | REM | RR | 1.38 | [0.96, 1.97] | 0.08 | 3-4 months after randomization | 11 (1225) | 14% | REM | RR | 1.13 | [0.95, 1.35] | 0.16 | 5-6 months after randomization | 6 (1054) | 64% | REM | RR | 1.19 | [0.86, 1.63] | 0.29 | >6 months after randomization | 3 (132) | 10% | REM | RR | 1.01 | [0.51, 1.99] | 0.98 | ③ | 2 months after randomization | 2 (566) | 0% | REM | RR | 1.35 | [1.09, 1.67] | 0.006 | 3-4 months after randomization | 2 (566) | 0% | REM | RR | 1.20 | [0.98, 1.46] | 0.08 | 5-6 months after randomization | 2 (564) | 62% | REM | RR | 1.35 | [0.89, 2.05] | 0.16 |
| Linde et al. [7] | Response (at least 50% frequency reduction) | Preventive treatment | Acupuncture | ① | Median 3 months | 4 (2519) | 7% | FEM | RR | 2.40 | [2.08, 2.76] | <0.00001 | ② | Median 3 months | 14 (1825) | 48% | FEM | RR | 1.23 | [1.11, 1.36] | <0.00001 | Median 12 months | 11 (1683) | 61% | FEM | RR | 1.25 | [1.13, 1.39] | <0.00001 | ③ | Median 3 months | 3 (743) | 0% | FEM | RR | 1.24 | [1.08, 1.44] | 0.003 | Median 12 months | 3 (744) | 0% | FEM | RR | 1.11 | [0.97, 1.26] | 0.12 |
| Chen et al. [15] | Effective rate (headache relieved or disappeared) | NR | Acupuncture | ③ | ND | 18 (1730) | 0% | FEM | OR | 5.11 | [3.81, 6.85] | <0.00001 |
| Chen [16] | Effective rate (headache controlled or disappeared) | NR | Acupuncture | ③ | ND | 18 (1606) | 42% | FEM | RR | 1.21 | [1.16, 1.27] | <0.00001 |
| Chu et al. [17] | Effective rate (ND) | NR | Acupuncture | ② | ND | 2 (139) | 0% | FEM | OR | 5.70 | [1.88, 17.27] | 0.002 | ③ | ND | 20 (2096) | 13% | FEM | OR | 3.96 | [3.02, 5.19] | <0.00001 | TCM drug treatment | ND | 2 (162) | 0% | FEM | OR | 7.58 | [2.30, 24.92] | 0.0009 |
| Dai and Lin [19] | Cure rate (ND) | NR | Acupuncture | ③ | ND | 2 (140) | 0% | FEM | OR | 3.02 | [1.00, 9.07] | 0.05 | Response rate (include cure rate) | NR | ND | 2 (140) | 0% | FEM | OR | 5.37 | [2.57, 11.21] | <0.00001 | Effective rate (cure and response rates) | NR | ND | 2 (140) | 0% | FEM | OR | 4.85 | [1.69, 13.94] | 0.003 | Gao et al. [20] | Effective rate (at least 50% frequency reduction) | NR | Acupuncture | ② | ND | 8 (1253) | 0% | FEM | OR | 1.28 | [1.02, 1.61] | 0.03 |
| Zheng and Hai [22] | Effective rate (ND) | NR | Acupuncture | ② | ND | 3 (217) | 69% | REM | RR | 1.87 | [1.17, 2.98] | 0.009 | ③ | ND | 28 (3059) | 81% | REM | RR | 1.24 | [1.16, 1.33] | <0.00001 | TCM drug treatment | ND | 3 (225) | 0% | FEM | RR | 1.29 | [1.14, 1.45] | <0.00001 |
| Zhao [23] | Effective rate (ND) | NR | Acupuncture | ③ | ND | 8 (686) | 50% | REM | RR | 1.19 | [1.07, 1.32] | 0.0010 | Acupuncture with acupuncture on ear | ③ | 3 months | 2 (152) | 0% | FEM | RR | 1.18 | [1.05, 1.33] | 0.005 | Acupuncture with TCM drug treatment | ③ | At least 6 months | 3 (257) | 98% | REM | RR | 1.24 | [0.61, 2.52] | 0.0009 |
| Pu [24] | Effective rate (at least 50% frequency reduction) | Preventive treatment | Acupuncture | ③ | 3-4 months after randomization | 4 (772) | 57% | REM | RR | 1.41 | [1.06, 1.88] | 0.02 | 5-6 months after randomization | 2 (564) | 0% | FEM | RR | 1.18 | [0.97, 1.43] | 0.11 |
| Song et al. [26] | Effective rate (ND) | Preventive treatment | Acupuncture | ③ | 1-3 months | 15 (1218) | 35% | FEM | OR | 2.76 | [2.03, 3.77] | <0.00001 | >3 months | 7 (642) | 0% | FEM | OR | 4.17 | [2.80, 6.20] | <0.00001 |
| Yang et al. [27] | Efficacy | NR | Acupuncture | ③ | Short-term (ND) | 9 (821) | 69% | REM | RR | 1.27 | [1.11, 1.45] | 0.0004 | Long-term (ND) | 4 (232) | 87% | REM | RR | 1.76 | [1.05, 2.94] | 0.03 |
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