Clinical Outcomes of Trans-Sacral Epiduroscopic Laser Decompression (SELD) in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Table 1

Demographic data and baseline characteristics.

Characteristics	Number (n = 82)
Age	40.78 ± 15.24 (95% CI 35.97–45.59)
Sex (male/female)	52/30 (63.41%)
Occupation (white/blue/etc.)	36/18/28
Smoking (yes/no)	26/56 (31.7%)
Pack-years	3.74 (95% CI 1.50–5.99)
Alcohol consumption (g/week)	0 (range, 0–120.0)
Height (cm)	169.46 ± 10.24 (95% CI 166.23–172.70)
Weight (kg)	69.50 ± 13.77 (95% CI 65.15–73.84)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.15 ± 3.99 (95% CI 22.88–25.40)
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)	6/76 (7.32%)
Hypertension (yes/no)	18/64 (21.95%)
Symptom duration (weeks)	1.0 (range, 0.1–12.0)
Admission route (outpatient/emergency room)	72/10
Previous block (yes/no)	48/34 (58.54%)
Trauma history (yes/no)	12/70 (14.63%)
Dominant symptom (low back pain/leg pain)	26/56
Follow-up duration (months)	23.0 (range, 6.0–30.0)