Clinical Outcomes of Trans-Sacral Epiduroscopic Laser Decompression (SELD) in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Table 2

Baseline characteristics determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative findings.

Characteristics	Number (n = 82)
Surgical level (L3-4/L4-5/L5–S1)	6/22/54
Pfirrmann grade (I/II/III/IV)	0/22/50/10
High-intensity zone (yes/no)	28/54 (34.2%)
Disc morphology (bulging/protrusion/extrusion)	10/46/26
Location of herniation (central/right/left)	26/20/36
Degree of canal compromise (mild/moderate/severe)	60/22/0
Root compression grade (abutting/displace/near obliteration/obliteration)	42/28/10/2
Herniated disc volume (mL)	0.30 ± 0.12 (95% CI 0.26–0.34)
Degree of stenosis (none/mild/moderate/severe)	54/26/2/0
Adhesion during surgery (mild/moderate/severe)	5/22/45