Effects of the Characteristics and Duration of Chronic Pain on Psychosomatic Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population

Table 3

Comparisons between nonchronic pain, chronic pain (less than 1 year), and chronic pain (more than 1 year) groups.

		NCP (N = 102)	CP		NCP vs. CP (≤1 year)	NCP vs. CP (≥1 year)	CP (≤1 year) vs. CP (≥1 year)
			≤1 year (N = 27)	≥1 year (N = 58)
Age		74.7 ± 6.0	73.8 ± 5.8	75.1 ± 6.0	Ns	Ns	Ns
Sex	Male	28 (27.5%)	4 (14.8%)	15 (25.9%)	Ns	Ns	Ns
PCS	Rumination	5.2 ± 5.8	8.9 ± 5.6	11.1 ± 5.9	<0.01	<0.01	Ns
	Magnification	1.9 ± 2.8	2.6 ± 2.8	4.9 ± 3.6	Ns	<0.01	<0.01
	Helplessness	2.6 ± 3.4	5.0 ± 5.0	6.4 ± 5.3	<0.05	<0.01	Ns
	Total	9.7 ± 10.9	16.4 ± 12.0	22.4 ± 13.7	<0.05	<0.01	Ns
GDS		2.8 ± 2.2	2.7 ± 1.7	4.3 ± 3.0	Ns	<0.05	<0.01
Number of falls		0.3 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 3.7	Ns	<0.01	Ns
PSQI		5.1 ± 3.2	5.0 ± 4.0	6.1 ± 4.0	Ns	Ns	Ns
MMSE		27.9 ± 2.8	28.1 ± 2.7	28.3 ± 2.1	Ns	Ns	Ns

One-way ANOVA (multiple comparison: Bonferroni); Kruskal–Wallis test (multiple comparison: Scheffe); chi-square test. CP, chronic pain; NCP, nonchronic pain; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.