Sleep Disturbance and Its Clinical Implication in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparison with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Table 3
Comparison of sleep disturbance and clinical outcomes between surgical and nonsurgical treatments groups.
ASD (44)
LSS (137)
Poor sleepers (33)
Nonpoor sleepers (11)
value
Poor sleepers (96)
Nonpoor sleepers (41)
value
Age (years)
69.8 ± 7.6
68.7 ± 8.5
0.710
68.0 ± 9.9
71.1 ± 8.3
0.085
Female (n (%))
27 [81.8]
7 [63.6]
0.145
61 [63.5]
21 [51.2]
0.178
Multilevel stenosis (n (%))
N/A
N/A
36 [37.5]
8 [19.5]
0.039
VAS for back pain
7.7 ± 1.7
5.6 ± 2.2
0.002 (0.004)
6.6 ± 2.4
5.6 ± 3.2
0.064 (0.079)
VAS for leg pain
6.3 ± 2.8
6.0 ± 3.4
0.765 (0.508)
7.2 ± 2.0
6.7 ± 2.8
0.245 (0.170)
ODI
50.0 ± 16.1
42.0 ± 19.4
0.185 (0.214)
48.5 ± 14.4
41.6 ± 15.9
0.014 (0.011)
ODI without sleep component
46.8 ± 14.2
39.8 ± 17.7
0.193 (0.221)
45.3 ± 13.4
40.4 ± 15.2
0.063 (0.049)
EQ-5D
0.301 ± 0.269
0.371 ± 0.301
0.475 (0.406)
0.262 ± 0.261
0.380 ± 0.259
0.016 (0.013)
Global PSQI score (0–21)
10.0 ± 3.5
3.8 ± 1.2
< 0.001
10.5 ± 3.6
3.0 ± 1.5
< 0.001
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; N/A, not applicable; VAS, visual analog pain scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index, EQ-5D, EuroQol; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Parenthesis, the value adjusted by sex and age using analysis covariance (ANCOVA). Poor sleeper was defined as >5 of the global PSQI score. Values are presented as mean ± SD.
