Sleep Disturbance and Its Clinical Implication in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity: Comparison with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Table 4

Multiple regression analysis for correlation between back pain and sleep disturbance in the ASD group.

Dependent variable	Model (independent variable)	r^2	β	value
VAS for back pain		0.315		0.005
	PSQI		0.310	0.041
	Age		−0.023	0.867
	Sex		0.102	0.494
	VAS for leg pain		0.411	0.007

VAS, visual analog pain scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index, EQ-5D, EuroQol; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.