Factors Affecting Persistent Postoperative Pain in Patients with Hip Fractures

Table 3

Comparison of groups at 4 weeks after surgery.

4 weeks after surgery	Light group	Severe group	value
MMSE	24.6 ± 5.2	22.7 ± 4.7	0.16
TMT-A	143.0 ± 69.7	150.5 ± 84.7	0.74
Pain at rest	0.22 ± 0.68	0.23 ± 0.61	0.98
Pain with movement	0.94 ± 1.94	2.13 ± 0.8	<0.01
Total PCS	14.9 ± 10.3	27.3 ± 10.1	<0.01
GDS	7.1 ± 4.0	7.8 ± 4.3	0.08
FES	26.7 ± 5.6	23.6 ± 6.8	0.05
Handgrip strength	15.7 ± 6.1	14.25 ± 5.1	0.34
5STS	20.5 ± 16.2	21.4 ± 8.5	0.8
TUGT	33.5 ± 27.6	40.6 ± 24.0	0.3
6-MWT	154.2 ± 103.7	113.8 ± 89.0	0.12
FIM	93.3 ± 18.9	90.6 ± 14.86	0.56

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). 5STS, sit-to-stand test; 6-MWT, six-minute walking test; FES, Fall Efficacy Scale; FIM, functional independence measure; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; TMT-A, trail making test part A; TUG, timed up and go test; VRS, Verbal Rating Scale. Significant group difference .