Prevention of Acute Postoperative Pain in Breast Cancer: A Comparison between Opioids versus Ketamine in the Intraoperatory Analgesia
Table 1
Results of variables analysed in the study, differentiated by group.
Group opioid (n = 41)
Group ketamine (n = 30)
value
Age (years)
60.59 ± 17.00
53.93 ± 17.62
0.113
Weight (kg)
69.95 ± 16.77
71.83 ± 17.40
0.648
Height(m)
1.60 ± 0.08
1.59 ± 0.07
0.780
BMI (kg/m2)
27.40 ± 5.98
27.89 ± 5.82
0.734
ASA I
3 (7.3%)
5 (16.7%)
0.249
ASA II
22 (53.7%)
18 (60%)
0.249
ASA III
16 (39%)
7 (23.3%)
0.249
Smoker
14 (34.1%)
13 (43.3%)
0.431
Mastectomy
12 (29.3%)
8 (26.7%)
0.599
Modified radical mastectomy
6 (14.6%)
4 (13.3%)
0.599
Quadrantectomy
12 (29.3%)
14 (46.7%)
0.599
Lumpectomy
9 (22%)
4 (13.3%)
0.599
Lumpectomy and reduction
1 (2.4%)
0 (0%)
0.599
Bilateral mastectomy
1 (2.4%)
0 (0%)
0.599
Surgery time (min)
98.22 ± 53.80
94.70 ± 39.71
0.763
Anesthesia time (min)
124.85 ± 55.37
121.80 ± 38.97
0.797
Time from end of analgesia to extubation (min)
27.76 ± 31.97
30.43 ± 24.42
0.702
Lymphadenectomy
14 (34.1%)
8 (26.7%)
0.501
SLNB
23 (56.1%)
18 (60%)
0.742
Stage of cancer IA
13 (31.7%)
14 (46.7%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IB
3 (7.3%)
0 (0%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IIA
8 (19.5%)
7 (23.3%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IIB
7 (17.1%)
2 (6.7%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IIIA
5 (12.2%)
3 (10%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IIIB
2 (4.9%)
3 (10%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IIIC
1 (2.4%)
1 (3.3%)
0.424
Stage of cancer IV
2 (4.9%)
0 (0%)
0.424
Radiotherapy
10 (24.4%)
6 (20%)
0.662
Chemotherapy
19 (46.3%)
9 (30%)
0.164
Sevoflurane
29 (70.7%)
20 (63.3%)
0.511
Propofol
12 (29.3%)
11 (36.7%)
0.511
Benzodiazepine
35 (85.4%)
28 (93.3%)
0.294
Corticosteroids
28 (68.3%)
27 (90%)
0.061
Alterations in the level of consciousness in recovery room
3 (7.3%)
1 (3.3%)
0.472
Agitation or delirium
3 (7.3%)
0 (0%)
0.130
Delay in discharge
1 (2.4%)
1 (3.2%)
0.822
Data expressed as n (%), mean ± standard deviation of patients within the group. ASA: ASA score. BMI: body mass index. kg: kilograms. m: meters. Smoker: more than one cigarette a day. SLNB: sentinel lymph node biopsy. < 0.05. min: minutes. h: hours.
