Local Efficacy of Corticosteroids as an Adjuvant for Periarticular Cocktail Injection in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Table 2

Comparison of primary and secondary outcomes.

	Treated		Control		t-statistic	value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Pain before operation	54.3	9.4	55.4	9.3	−1.277	0.207
Pain at postanaesthesia care unit	27.2	3.8	26.7	4.1	0.864	0.391
Rest pain 6 h after operation	31.0	4.9	31.0	4.1	−0.086	0.932
Rest pain 12 h after operation	33.3	5.3	33.1	5.5	0.465	0.643
Rest pain 24 h after operation	34.2	6.5	34.3	6.5	−0.261	0.795
Rest pain 48 h after operation	33.1	8.4	34.1	6.7	−1.609	0.113
Rest pain 72 h after operation	34	7.4	34	6.23	0	1
Motion pain 6 h after operation	47.4	5.1	47.5	4.4	−0.21	0.835
Motion pain 12 h after operation	49.1	5.0	49.6	4.4	−0.704	0.484
Motion pain 24 h after operation	50.25	4.994	50.83	4.618	−0.943	0.35
Motion pain 48 h after operation	49.6	6.1	51.1	5.9	−2.809	0.007
Motion pain 72 h after operation	49.3	4.9	49.8	4.8	−0.925	0.359
Thigh skin temperature (°C) before operation	36.4	0.18	36.5	0.20	−1.876	0.066
Thigh skin temperature (°C) 24 h after operation	38.1	0.27	38.2	0.29	−2.22	0.03
Thigh skin temperature (°C) 48 h after operation	38.1	0.22	38.2	0.26	−2.367	0.021
Thigh skin temperature (°C) 72 h after operation	38.1	0.24	38.1	0.22	−1.867	0.067
Thigh circumference before operation (cm)	41.20	3.68	41.08	3.68	1.45	0.152
Thigh circumference (cm) 24 h after operation	42.26	3.76	42.17	3.64	1.096	0.277
Thigh circumference (cm) 48 h after operation	42.72	3.68	42.52	3.62	2.429	0.018
Thigh circumference (cm) 72 h after operation	42.92	3.58	42.78	3.63	1.756	0.084
Ratio of the thigh girth 24 h after operation	0.025	0.014	0.027	0.014	−0.779	0.439
Ratio of the thigh girth 48 h after operation	0.037	0.017	0.036	0.016	0.826	0.412
Ratio of the thigh girth 72 h after operation	0.042	0.018	0.042	0.019	0.199	0.843
Clinical score before operation	35.4	3.6	36.0	3.2	−1.415	0.162
Clinical score 3 months after operation	89.2	3.8	89.0	3.6	0.379	0.706
Range of motion (°) 5 days after operation	94.4	3.6	94.6	3.5	−0.244	0.808
Range of motion (°) 3 months after operation	116.5	4.8	116.8	4.7	−0.444	0.659
Drainage 1 day after operation (mL)	187.5	114.6	166.6	112.4	1.273	0.208
Total drainage (mL)	327.8	133.7	306.0	122.7	1.321	0.192
Tourniquet time (min)	87.0	12.2	88.2	13.5	−0.873	0.230