Clinical Outcomes of “U” Route Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy in Chronic Pain Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Combined with Disc Herniation

Figure 5

The scores of PCS (helplessness, magnification, rumination, and total) and BDI of the patients who underwent “U” route PELD and healthy individuals. PCS in the patients were evaluated at preoperation and postoperative 2-year follow-up, and the healthy individuals did not experience chronic pain and were age- and sex-matched with the patients. The postoperative PCS scores were all statistically decreased at postoperative 2-year follow-up compared with preoperation (PCS/h ; PCS/m ; PCS/r ; PCS/t ). The preoperative PCS score was significantly higher compared with healthy individuals (PCS/h ; PCS/m ; PCS/r ; PCS/t ), but no significance was found of PCS between patients at postoperation and healthy controls (PCS/h ; PCS/m ; PCS/r ; PCS/t ), and no significant difference of BDI between the patients and healthy individuals either at pre- or postoperation (preoperation ; postoperation ). , compared with preoperation.