Predictors of Acute Postsurgical Pain following Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Table 4
Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictors for APSP intensity.
Variables
Unadjusted β (95% CI)
value
Adjusted β (95% CI)
value
Gender
Male
Reference
0
Female
0.15 (−0.11–0.42)
0.247
−0.11 (−0.46–0.23)
0.518
Age, year
−0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01)
0.004
−0.01 (−0.03 to −0.01)
0.317
BMI
−0.00 (−0.03–0.02)
0.775
−0.04 (−0.09–0.01)
0.096
Occupation status
No occupation
Reference
0
0.152
Occupation
0.38 (0.07–0.70)
0.018
0.28 (−0.10–0.66)
ASA physical status
ASA I
Reference
0
ASA II
−0.53 (−0.88 to −0.1)
0.003
0.14 (−0.32–0.6)
0.547
ASA III
−0.42 (−0.89–0.06)
0.088
0.35 (−0.29–0.98)
0.285
Preoperative chronic pain
Yes
Reference
0
No
0.29 (−0.01–0.59)
0.059
0.05 (−0.24–0.34)
0.735
Previous surgery
Yes
Reference
0
No
−0.17 (−0.43–0.08)
0.179
−0.05 (−0.30–0.20)
0.694
Site of surgery
Stomach
Reference
0
Colorectum
−0.17 (−0.44–0.09)
0.204
−0.25 (−0.52–0.02)
0.071
Small bowel
−0.20 (−0.73–0.33)
0.457
−0.25 (−0.79–0.29)
0.365
Type of surgery
Open
Reference
0
Laparoscopic
−0.16 (−0.44–0.12)
0.259
0.21 (−0.10–0.52)
0.189
MME consumption, mg
0.07 (0.05–0.09)
<0.001
0.05 (0.03–0.07)
<0.001
HADS: anxiety
0.15 (0.12–0.18)
<0.001
0.12 (0.08–0.15)
<0.001
HADS: depression
0.12 (0.08–0.15)
<0.001
0.11 (−0.04–0.07)
0.565
Expected postsurgical pain
0.20 (0.15–0.26)
<0.001
0.12 (0.06–0.18)
<0.001
SFQ-s
0.04 (0.03–0.05)
<0.001
0.55 (−1.43–2.52)
0.589
SFQ-l
0.04 (0.03–0.06)
<0.001
0.56 (−1.42–2.54)
0.582
BMI: body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; MME: morphine milligram equivalent; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SFQ-s: Surgical Fear Questionnaire short-time consequences; and SFQ-l: Surgical Fear Questionnaire long-time consequences.
