Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="1"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Key steps of this surgery</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="1"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(1) Preoperative planning</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(2) Patient preparation and education</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(3) Monitoring and sedation</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(4) Epidural anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(5) Working platform installed and robot registration</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(6) Adequate local anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(7) Drilling under the guidance of the robot</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(8) Pedicle screw inserted</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(9) Screw evaluation with fluoroscopy</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(10) Decompression and interbody fusion</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(11) Postanesthetic care unit observation (1 hour)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(12) Postoperative MRI and CT (1 day after surgery)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">(13) Walking with waist support (1 day after surgery)</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="1"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>The protocol of robot-assisted percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion under regional anesthesia.</div>

Pain Research and Management

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Table 1

Table 1: Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study 