Authors (year) Patient characteristics, sample size, and mean age Intervention Frequency, follow-up time Outcome measure Results Conclusion Shenouda (2013) [31 ] Source : 45outpatients GA = MWM plus exercise Thrice per week for 4 weeks VAS Significant difference in pain and functional disability was found in GA and GC. But, no significance difference was found between GA and GC for ROM MWM was effective in relieving knee pain and functional disability Kandada and Heggannavar (2015) [32 ] Source : 64 outpatients GA = MWM plus CPT 2 weeks VAS Significant intragroup ( Both MWM and MIMG protocol are effective in treating OA knee Gupta and Heggannavar (2015) [33 ] Source : 60 outpatients GA = MWM plus CPT 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 1 session per day for 2 weeks VAS There were statistically significant changes in all outcome measures of GA and GC Statistically significant improvement was noted in knee joint proprioception on OA knee participants with Mulligan’s MWM Lalnunpuii et al. (2017) [5 ] Source : 45 outpatients GA = MWM plus exercise Thrice per week for 4 weeks VAS All outcome parameters ( MWM is more effective than Maitland mobilization in relieving pain and increasing ROM and functional capacity in females with knee OA Kulkarni and Kamat (2017) [34 ] Source : 30 outpatients GA = MWM plus CPT One session per day for 3 days VAS Statistically significant ( MWM was effective in reducing pain, and showed marked improvement in the 6-minute walk test in the experimental group Rao et al. (2018) [35 ] Source : 30 outpatients GA = MWM followed by Maitland mobilization 1–3 oscillations per second, 3 repetitions, for three days NPRS Within intervention, both groups showed significant changes ( Both are equally effective in reducing pain and improving functional mobility and pain-free squat angle for knee OA Kaya Mutlu et al. (2018) [36 ] Source : 72 outpatients GA = MWM plus exercise Thrice per week at 1-year follow-up WOMAC WOMAC, VAS, and knee ROM are significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group MWM and PJM were superior to the control group in pain, knee ROM, quadriceps muscle strength, and functional level Varma and Purohit (2018) [37 ] Source : 36 outpatients GA = MWM plus CPT Thrice per week for 2 weeks VAS There was a statistically significant difference in each group and between groups Both MWM and KT reduce pain and improve function, but there was a better improvement in group A Kiran et al. (2018) [38 ] Source : 62 outpatients GA = MWM plus CPT 3 sessions per week for 2 weeks VAS The mean differences of both treatment interventions were significant Patients in both groups showed improvement in pain, ROM, and functions Bhagat et al. (2020) [39 ] Source : 30 outpatients GA = MWM 3 sets with 10 repetitions, duration of follow-up not stated NPRS NPRS and TUG are significantly improved in GA compared to GB after intervention MWM was effective in improving pain and functional mobility in individuals with knee OA Alkhawajah and Alshami (2019) [40 ] Source : 40 outpatients GA = MWM 3 sets with 10 repetitions for 2 days VAS GA showed significant improvement in pain, TUG, and knee flexion ROM ( MWM was superior than sham in pain, physical function (walking), knee flexion and extension muscle strength, and knee flexion ROM for at least 2 days in patients with knee OA Saddam Hussain Shaik et al. (2019) [41 ] Source : 40 outpatients GA = MWM plus CPT Three sessions per week for 6 weeks KOOS GA showed more statistical significance in improving pain and quadriceps peak torque than GB MWM was more effective than Maitland mobilization Pawar et al. (2019) [42 ] Source : 20 outpatients GA = MWM Each session 15–20 minutes, four days a week VAS VAS is significantly improved in the experimental group ( MWM is comparatively more beneficial in reducing pain than taping in OA knee patients Mahmooda et al. (2020) [43 ] Source : 30 outpatients GA = MWM plus usual care Once a day, 5 days per week for two weeks NPRS Pain and ROM were improved in GA ( MWM and myofacial release were effective for knee OA in pain, ROM, and functional abilities. However, MWM produced more quick outcomes than myofacial Nigam et al. (2020) [44 ] Soure : 40 outpatients GA = MWM plus usual care Three sets of 6–10 repetitions over two weeks at 6 months WOMAC Significant effect of MWM in favor of GA for WOMAC and VAS was found. But, no significant difference between GA and GB was found for knee ROM and TUG MWM provided clinically significant improvements in disability, pain, and functional activities six months later
