Fear of Pain as a Predictor for Postoperative Pain Intensity among the Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and categorization in analysis (n = 89).
Factors
Value
Range
Categorization
Age (years), median (IQR)
54 (49–61.50)
19–78
Original
Gender, freq (%)
Ordinal
Male
43 (48.3)
1
Female
46 (51.7)
0
BMI, mean(SD)
23.10 (2.93)
16.89–31.60
Original
Education, freq (%)
Ordinal
Primary school
7 (7.9)
1
Middle school
22 (24.7)
2
High school
27 (30.3)
3
University
33 (37.1)
4
Present pain, freq (%)
Original
Yes
10 (11.2)
1
No
79 (88.8)
0
FOP, median (IQR)
18 (14–22)
9–35
Psychological pain, median (IQR)
0 (0–1)
0–8
Original
PHQ-9, median (IQR)
1 (0–2)
0–17
Original
BPI, median (IQR)
Original
Least
1 (0–3)
0–10
Worst
4 (3–7)
0–10
Average
3 (2–4)
0–10
PCS, median (IQR)
30 (19.75–38)
9–52
Original
Operation method, freq (%)
Ordinal
Mediastinal
15 (16.9)
1
Wedge resection of lung
16 (18.0)
2
Segmental resection of lung
20 (22.5)
3
Lobectomy
38 (42.7)
4
Analgesic drugs, freq (%)
Ordinal
Decreased
14 (15.7)
1
Unchanged
53 (59.6)
2
Increased
22 (24.7)
3
IQR, interquartile range; freq, frequency; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; FOP, Fear of Pain-9 Items; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale.
