Research Article
Sex-Related Effects of Adrenergic Drugs on Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Double-Blind Trial
Table 2
Mean pain evaluations for men and women before CPT.
| | | Baseline | Placebo | Esmolol | Ephedrine |
| | Men (n = 14) | Pain threshold (°C ± SEM) | 43.2 ± 1.0 | 42.4 ± 0.8 | 42.1 ± 0.8 | 42.4 ± 0.9 | | Pain tolerance (°C ± SEM) | 49.7 ± 0.3 | 49.5 ± 0.3 | 49.7 ± 0.3 | 49.4 ± 0.3 | | Pain-50 (°C ± SEM) | 47.2 ± 0.3 | 46.9 ± 0.4 | 47.2 ± 0.3 | 47.0 ± 0.3 | | Pain intensity during the heat-test before CPT (0–100) | 52.4 ± 6.1 | 47.5 ± 3.4 | 50.1 ± 3.9 | 45.6 ± 3.5 |
| | Women (n = 15) | Pain threshold (°C ± SEM) | 43.5 ± 0.5 | 43.6 ± 0.6 | 43.2 ± 0.7 | 43.6 ± 0.6 | | Pain tolerance (°C ± SEM) | 48.5 ± 0.4 | 48.8 ± 0.3 | 48.6 ± 0.5 | 48.7 ± 0.4 | | Pain-50 (°C ± SEM) | 46.4 ± 0.4 | 46.7 ± 0.3 | 46.6 ± 0.3 | 46.6 ± 0.4 | | Pain intensity during the heat-test before CPT (0–100) | 48.3 ± 5.8 | 46.5 ± 5.3 | 45.2 ± 4.4 | 51.9 ± 6.1 |
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SEM, standard error of the mean; CPT, cold pressor test.
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