Research Article
Sex-Related Effects of Adrenergic Drugs on Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Double-Blind Trial
Table 3
Mean heart rate for the different conditions in men and women.
| | | Baseline (BPM ± SEM) | Placebo (BPM ± SEM) | Esmolol (BPM ± SEM) | Ephedrine (BPM ± SEM) |
| | Men (n = 14) | Rest | 68.5 ± 2.5 | 65.7 ± 2.1 | 71.0 ± 1.8 | 65.9 ± 2.1 | | CPT | 71.1 ± 1.8 | 68.5 ± 2.1 | 68.3 ± 1.3 | 72.5 ± 2.1 | | Delta | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | −2.7 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.2 |
| | Women (n = 15) | Rest | 73.4 ± 3.3 | 77.9 ± 4.1 | 74.9 ± 3.1 | 77.8 ± 3.5 | | CPT | 81.0 ± 3.1 | 83.9 ± 3.1 | 78.3 ± 3.4 | 89.4 ± 3.9 | | Delta | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 11.6 ± 1.9 |
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SEM, standard error of the mean; BPM, beats per minute; CPT, cold pressor test; Delta: CPT-rest.
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