Reduced Opioid Consumption with Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Hip Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Table 1

Patients’ characteristics. Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation.

Variable	Group
	PENG (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)
Height (cm)	158.52 ± 6.69	159.96 ± 7.74	0.485^1
Weight (kg)	56.08 ± 8.46	55.43 ± 10.93	0.815^1
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.33 ± 3.21	21.26 ± 3.69	0.281^1
Sex
Female	14 (56.0)	13 (52.0)	0.777^3
Male	11 (44.0)	12 (48.0)
Age (yr)	75.96 ± 7.54	72.60 ± 9.66	0.177^1
ASA score
2	13 (52.0)	10 (40.0)	0.395^3
3	12 (48.0)	15 (60.0)
Cardiac parameters preblock
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	143.08 ± 22.76	143.04 ± 20.47	0.995^1
Heart rate (beats/min)	83.32 ± 12.65	92.28 ± 20.69	0.225^2
Cardiac parameters 30 min postblock
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	128.84 ± 22.25	126.88 ± 22.86	0.760^1
Heart rate (beats/min)	80.04 ± 13.47	88.64 ± 21.11	0.092^1
Diagnosis
ONFH	2 (8.0)	4 (16.0)	0.523^4
Intertrochanteric fx.	10 (40.0)	7 (28.0)
Femoral neck fx.	13 (52.0)	14 (56.0)
Surgery type
THA	3 (12.0)	6 (24.0)	0.654^4
CR & TFNA insertion	12 (48.0)	10 (40.0)
Bipolar hip arthroplasty	10 (40.0)	9 (36.0)
Anesthesia time (min)	112.60 ± 24.46	112.00 ± 38.62	0.534^2
Operation time (min)	68.08 ± 20.85	72.60 ± 35.09	0.938^2
Performance time (min)	5.04 ± 0.89	4.72 ± 0.98	0.246^2

¹ values were derived from the independent t-test. ² values were derived from the Mann–Whitney U test. ³ values were derived using the chi-squared test. ⁴ values were derived from Fisher’s exact test. PENG, pericapsular nerve group; control, control group; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head; fx, fracture; THA, total hip arthroplasty; CR, closed reduction; TFNA, trochanteric fixation nail-advanced.