Reduced Opioid Consumption with Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Hip Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Table 3

NRS at each assessment point by the group during the first postoperative 24 hrs. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Variable	Group			RM ANOVA
	PENG (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)		Source
NRS
Preop	8.28 ± 0.89a^1	8.60 ± 1.47a	0.485	Group	<0.001
Postblock 30 min	4.24 ± 0.88b	7.48 ± 1.56b	<0.001	Time	<0.001
Postop 6 hrs	3.80 ± 0.87bc	6.32 ± 1.49c	<0.001		<0.001
Postop 12 hrs	3.72 ± 0.74c	4.36 ± 1.55d	0.296
Postop 18 hrs	3.36 ± 1.08cd	3.96 ± 1.49de	0.791
Postop 24 hrs	2.68 ± 1.35d	3.24 ± 1.42e	1.000

¹Values are the mean ± SD and Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons between each of the six-time points. That means different scripts are different from each other . ² values were derived by Mann–Whitney’s U test and adjusted by the Bonferroni correction method. Shapiro–Wilk’s test was employed to test the normality assumption. ³ values are derived from an ANOVA with repeated measures with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction used when sphericity was not assumed. RM ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance; PENG, pericapsular nerve group; control, control group; NRS, numerical rating scale; preop, preoperatively; postop, postoperatively.