Reduced Opioid Consumption with Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Hip Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Table 4

Secondary outcomes. Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation.

Variable	Group
	PENG (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)
Time to first opioid demand
0–3 h postoperatively	0 (0.0)	6 (24.0)	<0.001^1
3–6 h postoperatively	0 (0.0)	8 (32.0)
6–9 h postoperatively	3 (12.0)	10 (40.0)
9–12 h postoperatively	5 (20.0)	1 (4.0)
>12 h postoperatively	17 (68.0)	0 (0.0)
Quadriceps muscle strength
Before block
0 = intact	20 (80.0)	15 (60.0)	0.113^1
1 = reduced	5 (20.0)	6 (24.0)
2 = absent	0 (0.0)	4 (16.0)
3 = uncheckable
At 6 h postoperatively
0 = intact	16 (64.0)	14 (56.0)	0.262^1
1 = reduced	7 (28.0)	6 (24.0)
2 = absent	2 (8.0)	1 (4.0)
3 = uncheckable	0 (0.0)	4 (16.0)
At 12 h postoperatively
0 = intact	18 (72.0)	15 (60.0)	0.180^1
1 = reduced	7 (28.0)	6 (24.0)
2 = absent	0 (0.0)	4 (16.0)
3 = uncheckable
At 24 h postoperatively
0 = intact	20 (80.0)	15 (60.0)	0.113^1
1 = reduced	5 (20.0)	6 (24.0)
2 = absent	0 (0.0)	4 (16.0)
3 = uncheckable
Postoperative complications
Delirium	0 (0.0)	2 (8.0)	0.490^1
Respiratory depression (hypoxia, hypopnea)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Hypotension	0 (0.0)	1 (4.0)	1.000^1
Nausea	1 (4.0)	1 (4.0)	1.000^1
Vomiting	1 (4.0)	1 (4.0)	1.000^1
Headache	1 (4.0)	2 (8.0)	1.000^1
Dizziness	1 (4.0)	4 (16.0)	0.349^1
Patient satisfaction
Satisfied	22 (88.0)	13 (52.0)	0.005^2
Unsatisfied	3 (12.0)	12 (48.0)

¹ values were derived from Fisher’s exact test. ² values were derived using the chi-squared test. PENG, pericapsular nerve group; control, control group.