Research Article
Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients
Table 1
Demographic, clinical, and pain data characteristics of patients (n = 798).
| | Characteristics | | Patients (N%) |
| | Age (years) | | 56.7 ± 11.84 | | 18–64 | 573 (71.8) | | ≧65 | 225 (28.2) |
| | Gender | Male | 452 (56.6) | | Female | 346 (43.4) |
| | Education level | Primary | 268 (33.6) | | Middle school | 425 (53.3) | | Graduate and above | 105 (13.2) |
| | Having spouse | Yes | 763 (95.6) | | No | 35 (4.4) |
| | Present residence | City | 359 (45) | | Rural | 439 (55) |
| | BMI | | 21.1 ± 3.86 | | Low weight | 211 (26.4) | | Normal | 407 (51.0) | | Overweight | 130 (16.3) | | Obesity | 50 (6.3) |
| | PS score | | 2 (1, 3) | | Good (0–2) | 557 (69.8) | | Poor (3–5) | 241 (30.2) |
| | Metastasis | Yes | 445 (55.8) | | No | 353 (44.2) |
| | Metastasis site | Bone | 248 (31.1) | | Lymph | 147 (18.42) | | Liver | 122 (15.29) |
| | Metastasis number | 0 | 353 (44.20) | | 1 | 201 (25.2) | | 2 | 150 (18.80) | | 3 | 94 (11.8) |
| | Symptom numbers | | 4 (2, 6) | | ≦4 | 484 (60.7) | | 5–9 | 284 (35.6) | | ≧10 | 30 (3.8) |
| | Background pain score | | 4 (3, 5) | | Mild (1–4) | 553 (69.3) | | Moderate (5–6) | 209 (26.2) | | Severe (7–10) | 36 (4.5) | | Pain score at discharge | | 2 (2, 2) |
| | Breakthrough pain | Yes | 428 (53.6) | | No | 370 (46.4) | | BTP episodes | | 4 (2, 7) | | BTP intensity | | 6 (6, 7) | | Average length of stay | | 9 (6.75, 15) |
| | Distress score | | 2 (2, 2) | | Severe distress (≦4) | 783 (98.1) | | Mild stress (>4) | 15 (1.9) |
| | Barthel index | | 65 (50, 80) | | Severely dependent (0–40) | 128 (16) | | Moderately dependent (41–60) | 263 (33) | | Slightly dependent (61–99) | 345 (43.2) | | Independent (100) | 62 (7.8) |
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