Craniofacial Morphology of Orthodontic Patients with and without Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

<div>Cephalometric landmarks used in the study. N, Nasion; S, Sella; P, Porion; Or, Orbitale; Ar, Articulare; A, Subspinale; UIR, Upper incisor root; UIE, Upper incisor edge; LIR, Lower incisor root; LIE, Lower incisor edge; B, Supramentale; Me, Menton; Go, Gonion; FHP, Frankfort horizontal plane; OP, Occlusal plane; MP, Mandibular plane.</div>

Pain Research and Management

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Craniofacial Morphology of Orthodontic Patients with and without Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study 