Craniofacial Morphology of Orthodontic Patients with and without Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 5
Comparison of demographic, occlusal, and craniofacial morphological characteristics between adult patients (aged 18 years or above) with and without TMDs.
Adults with no TMD
Adults with TMD
value
64 (37.2%)
108 (62.8%)
Age (years, mean ± SD)
24.74 ± 6.81
24.84 ± 5.66
0.917
Gender
Male (n (%))
26 (40.6)
31 (28.7)
0.108
Female (n (%))
38 (59.4)
77 (71.3)
Angle’s classification
Angle class I (n (%))
28 (43.7)
41 (38.0)
0.189
Angle class II (n (%))
25 (39.1)
35 (32.4)
Angle class III (n (%))
11 (17.2)
32 (29.6)
Craniofacial morphological parameters (mean ± SD)
Saddle angle (°)
123.74 ± 4.52
122.51 ± 5.82
0.178
Articular angle (°)
150.98 ± 6.54
152.27 ± 7.10
0.237
Anterior cranial base length (mm)
65.20 ± 3.77
64.34 ± 3.54
0.278
Posterior cranial base length (mm)
34.98 ± 3.54
34.71 ± 3.78
0.645
SNA (°)
81.24 ± 3.23
82.28 ± 3.35
0.048
SNB (°)
79.23 ± 3.98
78.95 ± 4.59
0.689
ANB (°)
2.02 ± 3.57
3.33 ± 3.77
0.023
FMA (°)
21.95 ± 6.43
24.68 ± 7.33
0.015
Gonial angle (°)
116.00 ± 6.14
118.24 ± 8.09
0.042
Ramus height (mm)
49.24 ± 5.83
47.67 ± 6.29
0.107
Mandibular Body length (mm)
72.09 ± 5.00
71.13 ± 5.13
0.233
Interincisal angle (°)
124.72 ± 12.44
125.76 ± 15.31
0.646
Cant of occlusal plane (°)
5.91 ± 5.39
7.24 ± 4.68
0.093
Overjet (mm)
3.09 ± 3.03
3.52 ± 3.59
0.218
Overbite (mm)
2.47 ± 2.17
2.60 ± 2.42
0.730
Anterior facial height (mm)
117.60 ± 7.51
118.21 ± 8.52
0.635
Posterior facial height (mm)
81.48 ± 7.66
79.88 ± 8.19
0.207
Wits appraisal (mm)
−0.60 ± 4.30
0.22 ± 5.76
0.173
Independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and chi-squared test were used. ∗P < 0.05. TMD: temporomandibular disorder, SD: standard deviation.
