Craniofacial Morphology of Orthodontic Patients with and without Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 6

Comparison of demographic, occlusal, and craniofacial morphological characteristics between TMD patients with and without TMJ pain.

		TMD without TMJ pain	TMD with TMJ pain	value
		90 (65.2%)	48 (34.8%)
Age (years, mean ± SD)		23.29 ± 6.80	21.76 ± 5.66	0.187
Gender	Male (n (%))	22 (24.4)	22 (45.8)	0.010
	Female (n (%))	68 (75.6)	26 (54.2)
Angle’s classification	Angle class I (n (%))	37 (41.1)	15 (31.2)	0.193
	Angle class II (n (%))	24 (26.7)	20 (41.7)
	Angle class III (n (%))	29 (32.2)	13 (27.1)
Craniofacial morphological parameters (mean ± SD)
Saddle angle (°)		122.46 ± 5.05	122.83 ± 6.67	0.324
Articular angle (°)		152.12 ± 7.52	151.37 ± 6.79	0.566
Anterior cranial base length (mm)		63.86 ± 3.55	64.23 ± 3.50	0.278
Posterior cranial base length (mm)		34.00 ± 3.68	35.84 ± 3.56	0.005
SNA (°)		82.29 ± 3.26	82.35 ± 3.42	0.914
SNB (°)		79.20 ± 4.41	78.58 ± 4.64	0.441
ANB (°)		3.09 ± 3.87	3.77 ± 2.97	0.291
FMA (°)		24.81 ± 7.89	25.04 ± 6.30	0.852
Gonial angle (°)		118.77 ± 8.90	118.94 ± 7.44	0.909
Ramus height (mm)		47.13 ± 6.20	47.18 ± 6.19	0.969
Mandibular Body length (mm)		70.89 ± 5.32	70.53 ± 5.21	0.705
Interincisal angle (°)		126.25 ± 14.10	122.89 ± 15.51	0.160
Cant of occlusal plane (°)		7.77 ± 4.79	6.83 ± 4.31	0.259
Overjet (mm)		3.16 ± 3.69	4.27 ± 3.02	0.498
Overbite (mm)		2.42 ± 2.19	2.76 ± 2.60	0.417
Anterior facial height (mm)		117.12 ± 8.74	118.65 ± 8.43	0.323
Posterior facial height (mm)		78.62 ± 8.19	80.34 ± 8.19	0.244
Wits appraisal (mm)		−0.70 ± 5.72	1.41 ± 5.12	0.027

Independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and chi-squared test were used. ^∗P < 0.05. TMD: temporomandibular disorder, TMJ: temporomandibular joint, SD: standard deviation.