Correlation Analysis between Residual Pain after Vertebral Augmentation and the Diffusion Distribution of Bone Cement: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Comparison between the groups.
Group A (n = 23)
Group B (n = 13)
95% CI
value
Age (years), mean ± SD (range)
76.30 ± 9.88 (63–98)
74.38 ± 7.29 (62–84)
−4.463 to 8.303
0.545
Sex (male/female), n (%)
2 (8)/21 (91)
0 (0)/13 (100)
0.274
Fracture segment
Thoracic (T1-10)
5
2
Thoracolumbar (T11-L2)
16
9
Lumbar (L3-5)
2
2
BMD (g/cm³), mean ± SD (range)
−2.84 ± 0.32 (−3.7 to −2.5)
−2.93 ± 0.41 (−3.9 to −2.5)
−0.161 to 0.336
0.480
Injection volume (ml), mean ± SD (range)
6.11 ± 1.65 (4.0–10.0)
5.15 ± 1.88 (3.0–9.0)
−0.268 to 2.177
0.122
Surgery time (min), mean ± SD (range)
30.87 ± 8.02 (23–60)
33.46 ± 8.43 (27–55)
−8.351 to 3.167
0.367
VAS (0–10), mean ± SD (range)
Preoperation
7.13 ± 0.76 (6–9)
7.31 ± 0.86 (6–9)
−0.736 to 0.382
0.524
2nd day postoperation
3.17 ± 0.65 (2–5)
3.85 ± 0.56 (3–5)
−1.108 to −0.236
0.004
Last follow-up
1.35 ± 0.57 (0–2)
2.31 ± 0.75 (1–3)
−1.412 to −0.508
<0.001
ODI (0–100), mean ± SD (range)
Preoperation
77.65 ± 4.58 (68–88)
75.23 ± 5.75 (64–88)
−1.120 to 5.963
0.174
2nd day postoperation
15.48 ± 4.14 (8–22)
20.77 ± 4.67 (14–28)
−8.346 to −2.236
0.001
Last follow-up
10.52 ± 3.78 (2–16)
14.77 ± 3.52 (10–20)
−6.847 to −1.648
0.002
IVH (mm), mean ± SD (range)
Preoperation
16.32 ± 3.82 (9.52–22.31)
16.81 ± 3.21 (12.04–24.37)
−3.040 to 2.061
0.699
2nd day postoperation
18.74 ± 4.56 (11.63–28.49)
18.83 ± 3.75 (14.00–26.21)
−3.121 to 2.933
0.950
Last follow-up
18.87 ± 4.26 (13.56–26.56)
18.87 ± 3.47 (13.63–25.63)
−2.822 to 2.818
0.999
LKA (°), mean ± SD (range)
Preoperation
18.44 ± 8.28 (3.19–34.90)
15.18 ± 10.41 (0.04–30.61)
−3.142 to 9.678
0.308
2nd day postoperation
14.89 ± 8.76 (2.82–32.45)
13.17 ± 7.99 (2.36–28.51)
−4.269 to 7.711
0.563
Last follow-up
16.11 ± 9.65 (3.65–36.32)
14.28 ± 8.68 (2.65–28.64)
−4.739 to 8.408
0.574
Vertebral body volume (cm³), mean ± SD (range)
29.86 ± 7.99 (15.96–43.97)
33.81 ± 9.27 (18.77–45.12)
−9.921 to 2.016
0.187
Bone cement volume (cm³), mean ± SD (range)
7.08 ± 2.25 (3.23–11.36)
5.14 ± 1.60 (2.61–7.27)
0.501 to 3.381
0.010
Volume ratio (%)
23.70
15.11
<0.001
Note: BMD, bone mineral density; VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index score; IVH, injured vertebral height; LKA, local kyphosis angle.
