Research Article
A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Pain among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Thailand
Table 2
Healthcare utilization by cross-sectional and incident pain.
| | Variable | Cross-sectional | value | Incident | value | | Overall pain | Overall pain | | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| | Hospital in-patient | No | 3247 (66.5) | 1639 (33.5) | <0.001 | 1267 (62.8) | 749 (37.2) | <0.001 | | Yes | 346 (47.4) | 384 (52.6) | 119 (41.2) | 170 (58.8) |
| | Hospital out-patient | No | 1976 (69.5) | 868 (30.5) | <0.001 | 821 (65.6) | 431 (34.4) | <0.001 | | Yes | 1617 (58.3) | 1155 (41.7) | 564 (53.7) | 487 (46.3) |
| | Private clinic out-patient | No | 3348 (65.1) | 1792 (34.9) | <0.001 | 1218 (62.3) | 737 (37.7) | <0.001 | | Yes | 245 (51.5) | 231 (48.5) | 167 (48.4) | 178 (51.6) |
| | Traditional medicine practitioner | No | 3538 (64.7) | 1930 (35.3) | <0.001 | 1343 (61.2) | 852 (38.8) | <0.001 | | Yes | 55 (37.2) | 93 (62.8) | 39 (37.5) | 65 (62.5) |
| | | | Back pain | | Back pain | | | Hospital in-patient | No | 4365 (89.3) | 521 (10.7) | <0.001 | 2495 (88.4) | 327 (11.6) | <0.001 | | Yes | 589 (80.7) | 141 (19.3) | 352 (82.8) | 73 (17.2) |
| | Hospital out-patient | No | 2602 (91.5) | 242 (8.5) | <0.001 | 1489 (88.9) | 186 (11.1) | 0.029 | | Yes | 2352 (84.8) | 420 (15.2) | 1357 (86.4) | 214 (13.6) |
| | Private clinic out-patient | No | 4550 (88.5) | 590 (11.5) | 0.018 | 2407 (88.8) | 304 (11.2) | <0.001 | | Yes | 404 (84.9) | 72 (15.1) | 438 (82.3) | 94 (17.7) |
| | Traditional medicine practitioner | No | 4837 (88.5) | 631 (11.5) | <0.001 | 2730 (88.3) | 362 (11.7) | <0.001 | | Yes | 117 (79.1) | 31 (20.9) | 111 (74.5) | 38 (25.5) |
| | | | Knee pain | | Knee pain | |
| | Hospital in-patient | No | 4057 (83.0) | 829 (17.0) | <0.001 | 2124 (81.8) | 473 (18.2) | <0.001 | | Yes | 517 (70.8) | 213 (29.2) | 262 (71.4) | 105 (28.6) |
| | Hospital out-patient | No | 2436 (85.7) | 408 (14.3) | <0.001 | 1327 (83.7) | 258 (16.3) | <0.001 | | Yes | 2138 (77.1) | 634 (22.9) | 1057 (76.7) | 321 (23.3) |
| | Private clinic out-patient | No | 4208 (81.9) | 932 (18.1) | 0.008 | 2011 (81.2) | 465 (18.8) | 0.035 | | Yes | 366 (76.9) | 110 (23.1) | 373 (77.1) | 111 (22.9) |
| | Traditional medicine practitioner | No | 4467 (81.7) | 1001 (18.3) | 0.004 | 2278 (80.9) | 539 (19.1) | 0.017 | | Yes | 107 (72.3) | 41 (27.7) | 101 (72.7) | 38 (27.3) |
| | | | Leg pain | | Leg pain | |
| | Hospital in-patient | No | 4050 (82.9) | 836 (17.1) | <0.001 | 2248 (86.8) | 343 (13.2) | <0.001 | | Yes | 501 (68.6) | 229 (31.4) | 290 (78.8) | 78 (21.2) |
| | Hospital out-patient | No | 2433 (85.5) | 411 (14.5) | <0.001 | 1385 (87.9) | 191 (12.1) | <0.001 | | Yes | 2118 (76.4) | 654 (23.6) | 1151 (83.3) | 230 (16.7) |
| | Private clinic out-patient | No | 4183 (81.4) | 957 (18.6) | 0.030 | 2141 (86.4) | 336 (13.6) | 0.028 | | Yes | 368 (77.3) | 108 (22.7) | 394 (82.6) | 83 (17.4) |
| | Traditional medicine practitioner | No | 4442 (81.2) | 1026 (18.8) | 0.020 | 2423 (86.3) | 384 (13.7) | <0.001 | | Yes | 109 (73.6) | 39 (26.4) | 107 (74.3) | 37 (25.7) |
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