Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Combined with Pain Management That Targets Pain Perception and Activity Avoidance in Older Patients with Acute Vertebral Compression Fracture: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Table 2
Participants’ characteristics and outcome measures at baseline.
Characteristics
Intervention group (n = 33)
Control group (n = 32)
value
Age
81.1 ± 8.8
81.7 ± 8.4
0.7813
Female, n (%)
25 (75.8)
23 (71.9)
0.7218
Height (cm)
154.1 ± 8.0
153.9 ± 8.3
0.9344
Body weight (kg)
53.7 ± 12.4
53.2 ± 11.8
0.8868
BMI (kg/m2)
22.5 ± 4.5
22.4 ± 4.3
0.9018
Charlson comorbidity index
1.3 ± 1.3
1.3 ± 1.5
0.9805
TMIG Index of competence before admission
9.0 ± 0.6
8.0 ± 0.6
0.2269
Fresh VCFs location
Th6-Th10/Th11-L2/L3-L5
3/29/6
5/26/7
0.6905
Number of fresh VCFs, n (%)
One/Two/More than two
28 (84.8)/5 (15.2)/0 (0.0)
27 (84.4)/4 (12.5)/1 (3.1)
0.5729
Number of previous VCFs (%)
Zero/One/Two or more
8 (24.2)/14 (42.4)/11 (33.3)
9 (28.1)/11 (34.4)/12 (37.5)
0.7997
Pain medications
Loxoprofen-Na
8
9
0.7725
Celecoxib
9
12
Acetaminophen
17
13
Tramadol
5
4
Orthosis prescription
Soft/rigid/no
19/8/6
17/10/5
0.8151
MMSE
24.9 ± 2.3
24.3 ± 3.8
0.4107
NRS
7.8 ± 1.9
8.1 ± 2.0
0.6089
PCS
Rumination
14.6 ± 4.0
14.2 ± 4.0
0.7179
Helplessness
8.5 ± 4.6
8.3 ± 5.5
0.8309
Magnification
5.2 ± 3.2
3.8 ± 3.1
0.0793
Total
28.3 ± 9.9
26.3 ± 10.8
0.4343
TSK-11
28.5 ± 5.4
29.0 ± 5.6
0.7175
GDS-15
6.0 ± 3.5
6.9 ± 3.1
0.2672
Daily step counts
401.7 ± 486.8
427.9 ± 393.9
0.8240
Physical activity time (s)
235.0 ± 333.5
269.2 ± 236.8
0.6598
FIM
67.8 ± 15.9
64.4 ± 19.7
0.4445
EQ-5D 3L
0.258 ± 0.253
0.297 ± 0.263
0.555
Ratios of the height of each border of the collapsed body to the posterior border of a normal upper vertebral body
Anterior (%)
72.3 ± 16.2
72.0 ± 16.6
0.9507
Center (%)
60.4 ± 14.2
58.9 ± 13.6
0.6596
Posterior (%)
98.4 ± 9.0
95.3 ± 10.5
0.1849
Data are presented as median and mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (%). BMI, body mass index; VCFs, vertebral compression fracture; MNA-SF, Mini nutritional assessment short form; TMIG Index of competence, Tokyo metropolitan institute of gerontology index of competence; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; NRS, numerical rating scale; PCS, pain catastrophising scale; TSK-11, Tampa scale for Kineshiophbia; GDS-15, 15-item version of the geriatric depression scale; FIM, functional independence measure; EQ-5D 3L, EuroQOL 5-dimension3-level.
