The Efficacy of Manual Therapy and Pressure Biofeedback-Guided Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Strength Training on Pain and Functional Limitations in Individuals with Cervicogenic Headaches: A Randomized Comparative Study

Table 4

Pairwise comparison of mean differences (treatment effect) within groups (1 and 2). Repeated measures ANOVA test: Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests, with 95% confidence interval of means.

Variables (pairwise)	Group 1 (n = 30)			Group 2 (n = 30)
	Mean differences	95% CI		Mean differences	95% CI
		t value	value		t value	value
VAS0-VAS1	1.433	7.709	0.001	0.700	3.981	0.001
VAS0-VAS2	3.383	18.197	0.001	1.117	6.351	0.001
VAS0-VAS3	5.367	28.864	0.001	2.917	16.589	0.001
VAS1-VAS2	1.950	10.488	0.001	0.417	2.370	0.06
VAS1-VAS3	3.933	21.155	0.001	2.217	12.607	0.001
VAS2-VAS3	1.983	10.667	0.001	1.800	10.238	0.001
HDI0-HDI1	5.800	6.660	0.001	4.600	3.042	0.05
HDI0-HDI2	11.533	13.244	0.001	9.600	6.349	0.001
HDI0-HDI3	16.500	18.947	0.001	10.933	7.231	0.001
HDI1-HDI2	5.733	6.583	0.001	5.000	3.307	0.01
HDI1-HDI3	10.700	12.287	0.001	6.333	4.189	0.001
HDI2-HDI3	4.967	5.703	0.001	1.333	0.882	0.19

VAS: visual analog scale; HDI: headache disability index; SD: standard deviation; significant value if ; highly significant value if ; CI: confidence interval; VAS1, 2, and 3: VAS scores at 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd week after intervention, respectively; HDI0: HDI score at baseline; HDI1, 2, and 3: HDI scores at 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd week after intervention, respectively; CI: confidence interval; N = number of participants.