Positive Preemptive Analgesia Effectiveness of Pregabalin Combined with Celecoxib in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Controlled Randomized Study

Table 2

VAS pain scores and the cumulative dose of sufentanil.

	Placebo (n = 36)	Celecoxib alone (n = 38)	Pregabalin alone (n = 38)	Combination (n = 37)	F	value
Pain at rest (VAS)
Pain at rest at 6 hours	3.75 ± 0.97	2.61 ± 0.76^a	3.16 ± 1.01^a	1.97 ± 0.90^abc	25.592	0.0001
Pain at rest at 12 hours	3.75 ± 0.84	2.34 ± 0.75^a	2.89 ± 0.89^ab	1.86 ± 0.67^ac	38.050	0.0001
Pain at rest at 24 hours	3.62 ± 0.89	2.11 ± 0.95^a	2.89 ± 1.01^ab	1.68 ± 0.78^ac	32.604	0.0003
Pain at rest at 48 hours	2.28 ± 1.00	1.95 ± 1.06	1.97 ± 0.97	1.70 ± 0.78	2.196	0.091
Pain upon movement (VAS)
Pain upon movement at 6 hours	6.81 ± 1.11	6.11 ± 1.11^a	6.10 ± 1.25^a	5.32 ± 1.08^abc	10.414	0.0001
Pain upon movement at 12 hours	6.75 ± 1.16	5.76 ± 1.08^a	6.00 ± 1.27^a	4.51 ± 1.15^abc▲	23.312	0.0004
Pain upon movement at 24 hours	5.64 ± 1.42	4.61 ± 1.18^a	4.71 ± 1.21^a	3.49 ± 0.96^abc▲	19.755	0.0003
Pain upon movement at 48 hours	3.97 ± 0.91	3.54 ± 0.76	3.62 ± 0.96	2.32 ± 0.82^abc▲	3.336	0.021
Sufentanil cumulative dose (ug)
Postoperative 6 hours	20.38 ± 5.24	15.29 ± 4.63^a	15.90 ± 4.80^a	11.83 ± 4.81^abc	18.945	0.0002
Postoperative 12 hours	29.93 ± 8.89	21.70 ± 6.90^a	24.30 ± 7.57^a	14.90 ± 4.87^abc	27.500	0.0002
Postoperative 24 hours	44.08 ± 11.83	40.53 ± 9.51	40.42 ± 11.17	29.84 ± 7.02^abc	13.832	0.0001
Postoperative 48 hours	74.18 ± 15.29	62.38 ± 12.97^a	62.17 ± 13.51^a	49.30 ± 10.91^abc	21.466	0.0003
Time for requirement of first dose of rescue analgesic (min)	89.41 ± 9.19	109.56 ± 11.90^a	107.10 ± 12.13^a	203.89 ± 10.87^abc	79.763	0.0002

VAS, visual analog scale (0: no pain to 10: worst possible pain); pain upon movement: pain upon maximum flexion; difference was significant at the level. a means there was a significant difference compared with the placebo group (). b means there was a significant difference compared with the celecoxib group (). c means there was a significant difference compared with the pregabalin group (). ▲ means there was a significant difference compared with a previous time point in the combination group, suggesting that the pain scores upon movement in the combined group decreased continuously over time.