Do Temporomandibular Disorder Patients with Joint Pain Exhibit Forward Head Posture? A Cephalometric Study
Table 2
Demographic characteristics and the FAI survey results of TMD-free patients, TMD patients without TMJ pain, and TMD patients with TMJ pain.
TMD-free
TMD without TMJ pain
TMD with TMJ pain
Number (n (%))
169 (44.01%)
147 (38.28%)
68 (17.71%)
Gender (n (%))
Male
62 (48.06%)
42 (32.56%)
25 (19.38%)
0.265
Female
107 (41.96%)
105 (41.18%)
43 (16.86%)
Age
Mean ± SD
21.82 ± 8.09
25.02 ± 6.67
23.29 ± 6.74
Median (IQR)
20.08 (14.58, 27.71)a
24.83 (19.75, 29.02)b
22.71 (18.35, 27.03)a,b
Educational level (n (%))
Senior high school or lower
25 (22.94%)a
19 (17.43%)a,b
65 (59.63%)b
Undergraduate
98 (44.14%)a
36 (16.22%)a,b
88 (39.64%)b
Graduate or higher
24 (45.28%)a
13 (24.53%)a
16 (30.19%)a
Residence (n (%))
Urban
14 (35.90%)
9 (23.08%)
16 (41.02%)
0.677
Rural
133 (38.55%)
59 (17.10%)
153 (44.35%)
Family per capita monthly income (n (%))
<3000 yuan
15 (50.00%)
4 (13.33%)
11 (36.67%)
0.448
3000–6000
53 (40.77%)
25 (19.23%)
52 (40.00%)
>6000 yuan
79 (35.27%)
39 (17.41%)
106 (47.32%)
FAI scores
Mean ± SD
7.25 ± 5.69
29.90 ± 9.80
46.18 ± 14.82
Median (IQR)
5 (0, 15)a
25 (20, 35)b
45 (35, 55)c
TMD severity (n (%))
Mild TMD
—
127 (82.47%)
27 (15.73%)
Moderate/severe TMD
—
20 (32.79%)
41 (67.21%)
Notes: The chi-squared test and the Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used. Different superscript letters indicate significant differences, and . TMD, temporomandibular disorders; TMJ, temporomandibular joint; FAI, the Fonseca Anamnestic Index; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.
