Do Temporomandibular Disorder Patients with Joint Pain Exhibit Forward Head Posture? A Cephalometric Study
Table 3
Head and cervical posture parameters of TMD-free patients, TMD patients without TMJ pain, and TMD patients with TMJ pain.
Head and cervical posture parameters
TMD-free
TMD without TMJ pain
TMD with TMJ pain
Post hoc test
Number (n(%))
Male
62 (48.06%)
42 (32.56%)
25 (19.38%)
0.265
Female
107 (41.96%)
105 (41.18%)
43 (16.86%)
Ba-C3ia (mm)
Male
60.78 ± 4.97
59.36 ± 4.59
61.15 ± 4.85
0.235
Female
54.32 ± 3.86
54.99 ± 3.61
55.36 ± 3.72
0.522
C2ap-C4ip (mm)
Male
70.14 ± 5.59
68.69 ± 4.32
70.71 ± 5.67
0.080
Female
62.75 ± 4.65
63.65 ± 3.69
64.33 ± 4.28
0.084
Craniocervical angle (°)
Male
101.88 ± 8.04
102.57 ± 7.83
99.41 ± 6.60
0.327
Female
103.58 ± 7.44
102.55 ± 8.44
102.13 ± 7.20
0.488
CVT/OPT (°)
Male
3.75 ± 2.61
3.26 ± 3.41
3.06 ± 2.56
0.528
Female
4.41 ± 2.95
4.27 ± 2.74
4.32 ± 2.55
0.930
CVT/FH (°)
Male
87.33 ± 9.05
86.18 ± 7.76
91.79 ± 9.05
3 > 2, 3 > 1
Female
87.90 ± 7.26
87.85 ± 8.48
87.52 ± 7.72
0.964
CVT/NSL (°)
Male
103.59 ± 7.30
103.85 ± 6.68
104.53 ± 6.04
0.800
Female
101.40 ± 6.93
102.31 ± 8.01
104.2 ± 8.58
0.121
CVT/RL (°)
Male
11.25 ± 7.16
10.17 ± 5.86
12.58 ± 7.45
0.374
Female
8.14 ± 6.12
8.21 ± 6.96
11.33 ± 5.78
3 > 2, 3 > 1
OPT/RL (°)
Male
7.50 ± 7.65
6.91 ± 7.10
9.52 ± 7.75
0.373
Female
3.73 ± 6.89
4.04 ± 7.57
5.59 ± 6.28
0.337
NSL/C2’ (°)
Male
23.80 ± 9.11
22.02 ± 8.34
26.93 ± 6.9
0.076
Female
22.27 ± 9.13
22.57 ± 8.44
26.8 ± 8.51
3 > 2, 3 > 1
Notes: The chi-squared test, one-way analysis of variance, and the Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used. In the post hoc test column, numbers “1”, “2,” and “3” represent TMD-free, TMD without TMJ pain, and TMD with TMJ pain groups of the subjects, respectively, . TMD, temporomandibular disorders; TMJ, temporomandibular joint.
