Do Temporomandibular Disorder Patients with Joint Pain Exhibit Forward Head Posture? A Cephalometric Study
Table 4
Head and cervical posture parameters of TMD-free patients, TMD patients without TMJ pain, and TMD patients with TMJ pain in the adult population.
Head and cervical posture parameters
TMD-free
TMD without TMJ pain
TMD with TMJ pain
Post hoc test
Number (n (%))
Male
41 (43.16%)
36 (37.89%)
18 (18.95%)
0.276
Female
68 (34.52%)
93 (47.21%)
36 (18.27%)
Ba-C3ia (mm)
Male
61.66 ± 3.93
59.27 ± 4.81
61.62 ± 3.72
1 > 2
Female
54.39 ± 3.76
54.87 ± 3.65
55.25 ± 3.85
0.510
C2ap-C4ip (mm)
Male
71.46 ± 4.89
68.84 ± 4.60
71.91 ± 4.38
1 > 2, 3 > 2
Female
62.98 ± 4.22
63.70 ± 3.82
64.34 ± 4.21
0.376
Cranio cervical angle (°)
Male
102.24 ± 8.70
102.80 ± 7.01
98.01 ± 7.18
0.092
Female
103.76 ± 6.88
102.45 ± 8.42
101.55 ± 7.38
0.340
CVT/OPT (°)
Male
3.81 ± 2.82
2.91 ± 3.37
2.36 ± 2.29
0.174
Female
4.31 ± 2.68
4.22 ± 2.63
4.24 ± 2.62
0.978
CVT/FH (°)
Male
86.53 ± 9.12
86.50 ± 7.80
91.62 ± 10.28
0.095
Female
86.74 ± 6.29
87.93 ± 8.61
86.74 ± 8.05
0.561
CVT/NSL (°)
Male
103.78 ± 7.00
103.87 ± 6.16
105.65 ± 6.38
0.436
Female
101.34 ± 6.51
102.40 ± 8.04
104.98 ± 8.97
0.065
CVT/RL (°)
Male
11.10 ± 6.95
10.08 ± 5.51
14.67 ± 5.97
3 > 2, 3 > 1
Female
8.12 ± 5.06
8.13 ± 6.49
11.94 ± 5.64
3 > 2, 3 > 1
OPT/RL (°)
Male
7.29 ± 7.56
7.16 ± 6.51
12.31 ± 5.70
3 > 2, 3 > 1
Female
3.81 ± 5.59
4.02 ± 7.02
6.00 ± 6.35
0.214
NSL/C2’ (°)
Male
23.66 ± 8.24
21.91 ± 7.75
28.16 ± 7.52
3 > 2, 3 > 1
Female
22.26 ± 8.11
22.75 ± 8.39
27.85 ± 8.50
3 > 2, 3 > 1
Notes: The chi-squared test, one-way analysis of variance, and the Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used. In the post hoc test column, numbers “1”, “2,” and “3” represent TMD-free, TMD without TMJ pain and TMD with TMJ pain groups of the subjects, respectively, . TMD, temporomandibular disorders; TMJ, temporomandibular joint.
