Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block for Postoperative Pain Management after Open Oncologic Abdominal Surgery

Table 1

Comparison of demographic characteristics, admission diagnosis, length of hospital stay, and types of surgery as mean ± SD, n, and %.

	Control group	ESP group	value
	(n = 50)	(n = 50)
Age, years (mean ± SD^a)	64.1 ± 13.8	61.9 ± 17.8	0.505
Gender (male): no. (%)	38 (76%)	44 (88%)	0.063
Underlying conditions: no. (%)
None	21 (42%)	25 (50%)	0.04
CIHD	9 (18%)	6 (12%)	0.04
COPD	6 (12%)	4 (8%)	0.03
DM II	5 (10%)	5 (10%)	0.08
HTN	4 (8%)	5 (12%)	0.1
Others	5 (12%)	5 (12%)	0.2
Admission diagnosis: no. (%)
Upper GI pathologies	23 (46%)	22 (44%)	0.81
Low GI pathologies	27 (54%)	28 (56%)	0.8
Type of surgery: no. (%)
Upper GI surgery	20 (40%)	21 (42%)	0.83
Low GI tract surgery	30 (60%)	29 (58%)	0.84

Control group: patients received standard pain control treatment; ESP group: patients received ESP block in addition to standard pain control treatment. Data are considered statistically significant if . Underlying conditions: CIHD—chronic ischemic heart disease; COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM II—diabetes mellitus type II; HTN—chronic hypertension; others include hypothyroidism, chronic peptic ulcer disease, and chronic renal failure. Admission diagnosis: gastric or pancreatic cancer, and cancer of the colon, kidney, rectum, or adrenal. Upper GI surgeries included gastrectomy or small bowel resections. Low GI tract surgeries include colectomy, hemicolectomy, and resection of rectum. ^aSD: standard deviation.