Chemical Constituents and Combined Larvicidal Effects of Selected Essential Oils against Anopheles cracens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Table 3

Larvicidal activity of plant-derived essential oils against the 4th instar larvae of A. cracens.

Concentration of plant oil (ppm)	% Mortality (mean ± SE)	Larvicidal activity (95% CI, ppm)			Slope values ± SE
		LC50	LC95	LC99
Piper sarmentosum
12.7	9.25 ± 3.30	16.03 (15.51–16.54)	20.64 (20.01–21.86)	22.91 (22.12–24.66)	14.9920 ± 0.5669
14.6	23.50 ± 1.29
16.4	53.75 ± 5.44
18.2	79.50 ± 2.65
20.0	94.50 ± 3.11
Foeniculum vulgare
22.3	6.50 ± 1.73	32.77 (31.44–34.11)	46.56 (44.84–49.83)	53.86 (51.67–58.61)	10.7846 ± 0.3708
26.7	12.00 ± 4.08
31.2	41.00 ± 11.83
35.6	64.75 ± 6.65
40.1	82.00 ± 3.74
44.5	94.25 ± 4.99
Curcuma longa
20.3	12.50 ± 2.08	33.61 (29.43–39.15)	56.49 (59.66–82.13)	70.04 (79.34–112.48)	7.2941 ± 0.2698
24.3	17.50 ± 3.00
28.4	23.50 ± 2.65
32.4	31.00 ± 4.40
36.5	47.25 ± 5.44
40.5	83.75 ± 0.96
44.6	90.50 ± 1.29
Myristica fragrans
28.8	10.00 ± 1.15	40.00 (37.33–43.32)	56.56 (55.76–67.70)	65.28 (65.35–81.90)	10.9335 ± 0.4652
33.6	17.75 ± 2.50
38.4	34.75 ± 4.19
43.2	63.75 ± 3.86
48.0	85.75 ± 3.09
Zanthoxylum piperitum
51.8	11.75 ± 1.71	63.17 (61.90–64.50)	85.01 (82.59–89.33)	96.13 (92.67–102.67)	12.7574 ± 0.5292
55.5	29.50 ± 5.26
59.2	35.25 ± 9.22
62.9	43.50 ± 2.08
66.6	61.00 ± 4.32
70.3	73.50 ± 2.08
74.0	83.00 ± 3.77