Laboratory Rearing of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): A Predator of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

Table 1

Survival of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) at different life stages from laboratory rearing efforts between 2000 and 2004.

Life stage	Total number of individuals and mortality rate (%) per life stage
	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
Reproductive adults (starting colony)	200^F	350^F	100^L; 1,000^F	3,000^L	7,000^L; 660^F
Mature larvae drop from foliage	N/A	7,500 (28%)	37000 (~30%)	30,000 (30+%)	27,000 (30+%)
Pupae	N/A	5,175 (31%)	25,900 (27%)	12,300 (41%)	7,000^Mf + 2,200 ^M (43%), (94%)
Adults emerging from aestivation	30 (85%)	1,867 (36%)	21,000 (19%)	13,000 (6%)	8,000 (13%)
Adults surviving as HWA breaks aestivation in October	8 (74%)	200 (89%)	3,700 (83%)	12,000 (8%)	8,000 (0%)

^F Adults collected in the field from western hemlock trees in Victoria, British Columbia.
^L Adults reared in the laboratory at Virginia Tech.
^MfIn soil containers that were free of mold contamination.
^MIn soil containers contaminated with mold.