| Pimachrysa (L2, L3) |
| Larvae naked, without a layer of camouflaging material. |
| Small to medium sized larvae (L2: ~5.5 mm; L3: 8.5–9.0 mm); shape fusiform, narrow, abdomen rounded, slender. |
| Cephalic markings obvious, lateral epicranial markings elongate; mesal epicranial and/or postfrontal markings reduced; |
| with a conspicuous median stripe. |
| Cephalic setae: all primary setae except S10 and S12 present; Vx obscure, probably two setae and a pore. |
| Antennae with terminal segment (flagellum) stubby, short (0.07–0.08x length of pedicel). |
| Mouthparts elongate (mandible ~1.4–1.6x longer than head capsule). |
| Mandible with single seta on basolateral margin. |
| Thorax without lateral tubercles. |
| Paired prothoracic sclerites (Sc1) elongate. |
| Metanotum with three distinct folds, each bearing a transverse band of unhooked setae with acute tips. |
| Legs fairly long in relation to body; tarsi dark brown throughout. |
| Abdominal segments II–VII without lateral tubercles, with some lateral setae slightly elongated, but without distinct lateral |
| setae (LS). |
| Abdominal segments I–VII dorsally with transverse bands of numerous short, acute setae (SMS). |
| Abdominal segments V–VII without laterodorsal tubercles, without LDS (but with some laterodorsal setae slightly elongated). |
| |
| Nothochrysa (all instars, unless noted otherwise) |
| Larvae usually bearing a camouflaging layer of debris. |
| Large larvae (L3: 9–12 mm; L2: 6-7 mm; L1: 4-5 mm); shape very slightly fusiform, abdomen convex, almost flattened to |
| globular. |
| Cephalic markings obvious, epicranial markings large, fused with postfrontal markings, occupying almost the entire cephalic |
| dorsal surface. |
| Cephalic setae: all primary setae including S12 present; Vx = two short anterior setae, pore, single posterior seta, in |
| longitudinally elongate row. |
| Antennae with terminal segment (flagellum) of variable length. |
| Pedicel length/flagellar length (= number of times flagellum shorter than pedicel): |
| N. capitata L3 = ~8.8 (from Figures 47-6 [13]) |
| N. fulviceps L3 = ~13.0 (from Figures 47-12 [13]) |
| N. californica L1 = ~3.6, L2 = 5.1–6.2, L3 = 9.4–9.5 |
| Flagellar terminus and terminal bristle variable. |
| N. capitata, N. fulviceps L3 with rounded flagellar terminus, very short terminal bristle (from Figure 1b [18], Figures 47-6, |
| 47-12 [13]) |
| N. californica L3–L1 with flagellum tapered, slightly elongate seta (setal length/flagellar length: L3 = 0.18, L2 = 0.18, |
| L1 = 0.25) |
| Mouthparts noticeably longer than the head capsule. |
| N. capitata, N. fulviceps L3 (from Figures 46-1, 46-5 [13]) |
| N. californica L1–L3 (mandible length/head length: L1 = 1.36, L2 = ~1.60–1.65, L3 = 1.30–1.48) |
| Mandible with two setae on basolateral margin. |
| Thorax with lateral tubercles present, carrying 1-2 or few elongate lateral setae (LS). |
| Paired prothoracic sclerites (Sc1) triangular. |
| Metanotum with transverse row of filiform (hooked or straight) setae posteriorly. |
| Legs very long in relation to body size; tarsi pale to dark brown. |
| Abdominal segments II–VII with lateral tubercles well developed, hemispherical, bearing filiform or hooked (“uncinate”) |
| setae (LS). |
| Abdominal segments VI-VII (sometimes also V, VIII) with laterodorsal tubercles present, bearing single long seta (LDS?) |
| (sometimes also a shorter seta). |
| Dorsum of abdominal segments I–VI with transverse rows or bands of hooked submedian setae (SMS). |
| |
| Hypochrysa (L1, L3) |
| Larvae naked, without a layer of camouflaging material. |
| Small to medium sized larvae (L2: 6-7 mm); shape fusiform, narrow, abdomen rounded, slender. |
| Cephalic markings light or dark; lateral epicranial markings narrow, elongate; mesal epicranial and/or postfrontal |
| markings faint, either with a conspicuous median stripe or with pair of small frontal markings. |
| Cephalic setae: all primary setae including S12 present; Vx obscure, probably two setae and a pore or three setae. |
| Antennae with terminal segment (flagellum) stubby, short (~0.05–0.06x length of pedicel). |
| Mouthparts elongate (mandible ~1.7–1.8x longer than head capsule). |
| Mandible with single seta on basolateral margin. |
| Labial palp with terminal segment bearing 4 lateral sensilla. |
| Thorax without lateral tubercles. |
| Paired prothoracic sclerites (Sc1) elongate. |
| Metanotum with three distinct folds, each bearing a transverse band or row of unhooked, blunt to clavate (bacilliform) setae. |
| Legs of normal size in relation to body; tarsi dark brown thoughout. |
| Abdominal segments II–VII without lateral tubercles, without distinct lateral setae (LS). |
| Abdominal segments I–VII dorsally with transverse rows or bands of numerous short, blunt to clavate (bacilliform) setae |
| (SMS). |
| Abdominal segments V–VII without laterodorsal tubercles, without LDS. |
| |
| Dictyochrysa (L1) |
| Larvae naked, without a layer of camouflaging material. |
| Small to medium sized larvae (L1: ~2 mm); shape fusiform, narrow, abdomen rounded, slender. |
| Cephalic markings unknown. |
| Cephalic setae: S12 absent; S8–10 unknown; Vx short. |
| Antennae with terminal segment (flagellum) rounded apically, pedicel length/flagellar length = 9 (number of times flagellum |
| shorter than pedicel) (from Figure 3 [14]) |
| Mouthparts nearly twice as long as head capsule. |
| Number of setae on mandible unknown. |
| Thorax without lateral tubercles. |
| Paired prothoracic sclerites (Sc1) triangular. |
| Metanotum with three distinct folds, each bearing a transverse band of unhooked setae with acute tips. |
| Legs fairly long in relation to body; tarsi dark brown throughout. |
| Abdominal segments II–VII without lateral tubercles. |
| Abdominal segments I–VII dorsally with transverse bands of blunt setae (SMS). |
| Abdominal segments V–VII without laterodorsal tubercles, without LDS. |
