Biology of the Endemic Endangered Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio desmondi teita (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), on Wild Citrus Species in Taita Hills, Kenya
Table 3
Mean (±SE) of larval instar duration (days), total larval period (days), and larval instar specific percentage mortality of Papilio desmondi teita reared on Clausena anisata and Toddalia asiatica during the first season (March–May 2021) and second season (June–September 2021) under laboratory conditions.
Larval instar
Season
Host plants
N
T. asiatica
N
C. anisata
1st
1st
96
6.00 ± 0.00
85
—
2nd
78
10.77 ± 0.08
—
—
2nd
1st
95
6.29 ± 0.05
—
—
2nd
77
8.97 ± 0.09
—
—
3rd
1st
95
7.92 ± 0.03
—
—
2nd
75
11.40 ± 0.13
—
—
4th
1st
77
7.44 ± 0.09
—
—
2nd
70
12.77 ± 0.16
—
—
5th
1st
77
16.90 ± 0.10
—
—
2nd
65
22.14 ± 0.20
—
—
Total larval period
1st
44.55 ± 0.27
—
2nd
66.05 ± 0.66
—
Larval instar
Season
Mortality (%)/host plant
N
T. asiatica
N
C. anisata
1st
1st
96
8.51 ± 1.01
85
100 ± 0.00
2nd
78
19.04 ± 5.13
—
100 ± 0.00
2nd
1st
95
0.88 ± 0.88
—
—
2nd
77
3.75 ± 2.14
—
—
3rd
1st
95
1.88 ± 0.94
—
—
2nd
75
1.33 ± 1.33
—
—
4th
1st
77
6.38 ± 4.53
—
—
2nd
70
6.72 ± 2.64
—
—
5th
1st
77
0.00 ± 0.00
—
—
2nd
65
12.41 ± 7.96
—
—
Larval mortality
1st
24.34 ± 9.09
100 ± 0.00
2nd
32.61 ± 3.53
100 ± 0.00
N = number of larvae cohort studied; — indicates no record of numbers/no observation.