The Insurgence of Tramadol Abuse among the Most Active Population in Jirapa Municipality: A Study to Assess the Magnitude of the Abuse and Its Contributory Factors

Table 8

Determinants of tramadol abuse/misuse among the respondents.

Variables	value	Odds ratio	95% CI
History of other substance abuse
Abuse	0.009	5.149	1.501-17.656
No abuse	Reference
Sexual enhancement
Yes	0.011	3.776	1.352-10.545
No	Reference
Occupation
Unemployed	0.011	0.100	0.017-0.595
Self-employed	0.058	0.200	0.038-1.055
Government workers	Reference
Posttraumatic/pain treatment dependence
Yes	0.004	0.237	0088-0.640
No	Reference

; CI: confidence interval; ref: reference category; Omnibus test ( and ) and Hosmer and Lemeshow test ().