Gender Differences in Modifying Lumbopelvic Motion during Hip Medial Rotation in People with Low Back Pain

Figure 1

Hip medial rotation test and kinematic variables. (a) Posterior view of kinematic marker locations in the initial position: 7 cm left (S1-L) and right (S1-R) of the first sacral vertebra, on the lateral malleolus (lat ankle), and on the lateral knee joint line (lat knee). (b) Angled posterior view of the pelvic segment, defined by a line between the S1 markers, and the lower leg segment, defined by a line between the lat ankle and lat knee, in the final position of hip medial rotation. Lumbopelvic rotation was assessed by the angular excursion of the pelvic segment in the transverse plane between the initial and final positions. Hip medial rotation was assessed by the angular excursion of the lower leg segment in the transverse plane relative to the lumbopelvic rotation between the initial and final positions. Dotted lines indicate initial positions, and solid lines indicate final positions. Open circles indicate markers obscured from view.