Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in Radiology: How to Recognize and Address Potential Sources of Bias

Table 2

Various approaches for indeterminate index test results and their effect on sensitivity and specificity.

Indeterminate results	Sensitivity	Specificity
Excluded from analysis	Increased	Increased
Indeterminate results considered positive	Increased	Decreased
Indeterminate results considered negative	Decreased	Increased
“Intention to diagnose” approach	Decreased	Decreased