A Review of Doses for Dental Imaging in 2010–2020 and Development of a Web Dose Calculator

Table 1

Technical parameters for intraoral, panoramic, and cone-beam computed tomography collected from literature, which were used for Monte Carlo simulations conducted using MC-GPU to estimate dose distribution within the head.

Parameters	Intraoral	Panoramic	Cone-beam computed tomography
X-ray energy (kVp)	60	73	90
Filtration (mm Al)	3.5	2.5	2.8
FOV (cm^2)	4 × 3	10 × 0.2	10 × 10
SRD^1 (cm)	75	35	50
Rotation angle per view (degree)	0^2	240	360
Number of views per acquisition	1	9153	360
Number of X-rays per simulated view	10^11	5 × 10^7	5 × 10^9
Total simulation time (min)^3	33	143	760

¹Source-to-rotation axis distance. ²The rectangular field was rotated 30° cranially. ³Simulation run in an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 GPU.