Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy

Figure 3

AFM measurements of the cell stiffness. (a and c) show the typical force curves measured on cells treated without (a) or with (c) TNFα (20 ng/mL) for the times indicated. (b and d) show the corresponding changes of the stiffness of cells without (b) or with (d) TNFα treatment.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)